biology

Question 1

Autosomal recessive

Answer 1

• trait skips a generation
• unaffected parents can have an affected offspring

Question 2

Y linked

Answer 2

• only males are affected
• fathers pass on the trait to all sons

Question 3

Autosomal Dominant

Answer 3

• trait cannot reappear when it disappears
• all affected individuals have an affected parent

Question 4

X-linked recessive

Answer 4

• more males than female are affected
• an affected female and male produce affected sons

Question 5

X-linked dominant

Answer 5

• more females are affected than males
• an affected male will pass it on to all daughters and no sons

Question 6

R selected

Answer 6

• live in an unstable environment
• produce many offspring
• few offspring will survive

Question 7

K selected

Answer 7

• live in a stable environment
• produce few offsprings
• greater chance of offspring surviving

Question 8

Linked Genes

Answer 8

Describes genes whose loci are located on a given chromosom

Question 9

Polygenic

Answer 9

Occurs due to the actions of many genes (and
their allelic forms). These traits show continuous
variation.

Question 10

Monogenic

Answer 10

Monogenic traits are due to the action of a single gene with two or more allelic forms.

These traits show discontinuous variation.

Question 11

Genetic diversity

Answer 11

the variety of genes or the number of different inherited characteristics present in a species

Question 12

Cool burning (How it helps the environment)

Answer 12

Cool burning:
occurs early in the dry season, before temperatures reach their annual peak.

reducing the fuel load of the area ensures that if a fire comes through later in the season, the ferocity of the fire is reduced, resulting in less damage to the ecosystem.
It stimulates new growth, as some plants, such as eucalypts, rely on fire to germinate their seeds

Less carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere when compared to hot burning. With rising carbon dioxide levels contributing to global warming, this is essential to reducing the carbon footprint of Australia.

It reduces the number of hot burns that can occur. This is beneficial to native wildlife, who continue to have food sources and habitats to live in.

Cool burns rarely burn logs that have fallen, which are essential for small animals as hiding spots and burrows for protection from predators and/or environmental conditions. This supports biodiversity, as species do not lose all food and habitat resources.

Question 13

Dihybrid cross

Answer 13

A cross in which alleles of two different genes are involved

Question 14

Epigenetics

Answer 14

genetics + environment = phenotype

Question 15

crossing over

Answer 15

An event that occurs during meiosis, involving the exchange of corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes

Question 16

Independent assortment

Answer 16

Describes how pairs of alleles separate independently from each other during meiosis, and contributes towards producing variation.

Question 17

Asexual reproduction

Answer 17

type of reproduction that does not require the fusion of gametes, where offspring arise from a single parent and are genetically identical to that parent.

Question 18

Parasitism

Answer 18

+ / - relationship
parasite benefits and the host doesn’t

Question 19

Mitosis

Answer 19

The process involved in the production of new cells genetically identical to the original cell

Question 20

Meiosis

Answer 20

production of gametes (egg and sperm)

Question 21

Haploid (n)

Answer 21

Having one copy of each specific chromosome in each set

Question 22

Diploid (2n)

Answer 22

having two copies of each specific chromosome in each set

Question 23

Physiological

Answer 23

The way the inside of our body functions

Question 24

Structural

Answer 24

Physical features that enable an organism to survive in a given environment

Question 25

Behavioural

Answer 25

How an organism acts/ does

Question 26

Metacentric

Answer 26

A chromosome in which the centromere is in the middle and have equal arm lengths

Question 27

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Answer 27

nucleus from somatic cell is fused by an electric pulse with an enucleated egg and implanted in a surrogate mother

Question 28

Monohybrid

Answer 28

A cross in which alleles of only one gene are involved

Question 29

Genome

Answer 29

The sum total of an organism’s DNA

Question 30

Genes

Answer 30

Genes are segments of DNA that codes for specific traits

Question 31

Clones

Answer 31

groups of cells, organisms, or genes with identical genetic makeup.

Question 32

Cloning

Answer 32

a technique used to create a genetically identical copy of an organism

Question 33

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 33

Chromosomes that are the same. They have the same centromere position, same arm lengths, and same gene loci

Question 34

Genetic recombination

Answer 34

refers to the rearrangement of the DNA sequence