21st century science Flashcards
life cycle of a star
start: stellar nebula
1. massive star 1.average star
2. red supergiant 2.red giant
3. supernova 3.planetary nebula
4. black hole 4. white dwarf
or neutron start
5. black dwarf
The Hertz sprung-Russell diagram of star data
- brightest stars located along the top of the diagram
- the dimmest and coolest stats are located at the bottom right of the diagram.
evidence that supports the BIG BANG THEORY
The Big Bang theory is how the universe was formed and how life began. It is the expansion of the universe which is shown by the cosmic microwave background.
the basic structure of an atom and the fundamental particles
protons, neutrons and electrons
describe isotopes
isotopes are atoms with different numbers of neutrons but same number of protons.
types of radiation & their effects
alpha
beta
gamma
climate change and how it affects the environment
climate change: changes to the weather including drought, flooding, and storms.
greenhouse gases, global warming, hurricanes, ice caps melting, and rising sea levels.
how we can slow down the effects of climate change
by switching to and using more renewable energy.
what is sustainability (& the ‘pillars’)
refers to the ability to maintain or support a process continuously over time
3 pillars: social, environmental and economic
Describe the UN sustainability goals
The Sustainable Development Goals are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and improve the lives and prospects of everyone, everywhere.
the process of a circular economy
- use
- recycle
- responsible for raw material extraction
- manufactured
- minimize packaging and transportation
- repair
types and transformation of energy
kinetic energy
gravitational potential energy
elastic potential energy
chemical energy
nuclear energy
sound energy
heat energy
light energy
electrical energy
renewable energy + examples
Renewable: energy resources that are continually being replaced by natural processes.
solar energy
wind energy
biomass
hydroelectricity
geothermal energy
wave energy
hydro fuel
non-renewable energy + examples
electric power
nuclear energy
fossil energy (coal, oil, natural gas)
oil platform
natural gas
coal mine
What is fuel and describe types of fuels
Fuel: a substance that is burnt to provide heat energy
petrol, diesel, fuel oil, natural gas, black and brown coal, alcohol, wood, etc.
What makes a good fuel?
it should release heat in a controlled manner, be easy to store and transport, it shouldn’t pollute the air or release harmful gases.
