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Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Biology stands for

A

Bios= Life
Logos-= Study

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2
Q

The study of life is called

A

Biology

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3
Q

The term biology was first coined by

A

Lamark
Treviranus
1801

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4
Q

What are the two branches of Biology

A

Botany and Zoology

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5
Q

Who is called the father of zoology as well as biology

A

Aristotle

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6
Q

Who is the father of Botany

A

Theophrastus

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7
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of the Internal structure of organisms

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8
Q

Agrology

A

Soil science especially dealing with the production of crop

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9
Q

Agronomy

A

Science and technology of soil management for the production of crop

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10
Q

Agrostology

A

Study of grasses

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11
Q

Arthrology

A

Study of Joints

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12
Q

Apiculture

A

Rearing honey bees for honey

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13
Q

Anthropology

A

Study of Origin, development and relationship between the culture of past and present human

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14
Q

Anthology

A

Study of flower and flowering plant

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15
Q

Angiology

A

Study of the blood vascular system including arteries and veins

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16
Q

Andrology

A

Branch of physiology and medicine especially deal with th problem related to male reproductive organ

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17
Q

Andrology

A

The branch of physiology and medicine especially deal with th problem related to male reproductive organ

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18
Q

Bryology

A

Study of Bryophytes

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19
Q

Biometrics

A

Stastical analysis of Biological data

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20
Q

Biomedical engineering

A

Application of engineering for the production and designing of spare part for overcoming various defects in man e.g. Artificial limbs, iron lung pace maker etc….

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21
Q

Biotechnology

A

The technology concerned with living beings for wilful manipulation on molecular level

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22
Q

Bacteriology

A

Study of Bacetia

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23
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cell

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24
Q

Cryobiology

A

It is the study of effect fof low temperature on organisms ans their preservation.

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25
Q

Clone

A

Clones are genetically identical individual in a population

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26
Q

cardiology

A

Study of heart

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27
Q

Chiropody

A

Branch of science related with the study of feet

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28
Q

Demography

A

Study of population

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29
Q

Diffusion

A

Random movement of molecule/ion or gases from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration.

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30
Q

Dermatology

A

Study of skin.

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31
Q

Dendrochronology

A

Counting and analyzing annual growth rings of trees to know their age

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32
Q

Ecology

A

Study of inter-relationship between living and their environment.

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33
Q

Evolution

A

Study of origin of life, variation and formation of new species.

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34
Q

Embryology

A

Study of fertilization of egg, formation of zygote and development of embryp

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35
Q

Eugenics

A

Study of factors connected with the improvement of human race.

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36
Q

Euthenics

A

Study of environmental condition that contribute to the improvement of human beings.

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37
Q

Euphenics

A

The improvement of phenotypic defect due to generical abnormality, by altering the environment.

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38
Q

Ethnology

A

Study of Science dealing with the different races of human.

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39
Q

Ethology

A

Study of animal behaviour in their natured habitats

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40
Q

Etiology

A

Study of the causative agent of disease.

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41
Q

Entomology

A

Study of insects

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42
Q

Exobiology

A

Study of possibility of life in space.

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43
Q

Floriculture

A

Cultivation of plant for flower

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44
Q

Food technology

A

Scientific processing, preservation, storage and transportation of food

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45
Q

Forensic Science

A

Application of science for analysis of various fact and evidence to identify the cause or the person involved in criminal act

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46
Q

Fishery

A

CAtching, breeding, rearing and marketing of fishes.

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47
Q

Forestry

A

Development and management of forest

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48
Q

Fermentation

A

Process of incomplete oxidation that occurs in microbes and other cells in absence of oxygen, leading to the formation of ethyl alcohol

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49
Q

Genetics

A

Study of variation and transmission of heredity character from parents to their young ones.

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50
Q

Growth

A

Permanent increase in weight and volume and size of an organism

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51
Q

Genetic Engineering

A

Manipulation of gene in order to improve the organism.

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52
Q

Gynecology

A

Study of female reproductive organ

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53
Q

Gerontology

A

Study of ageing.

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54
Q

Gastroenterology

A

Study of alimentary canal (stomach and intestine) or related disorders.

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55
Q

Hypertonic

A

When two solution have different solute concentrations.The solution which have higher solute concentration is called hypertonic

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56
Q

Hypotonic

A

In two solutions which have lower solute concentration is called hypotonic

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57
Q

Homeothermic

A

Animals who have constant body temperature are called homeothermic or warm blooded animal

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58
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissue organization and their structure with the help of microsope

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59
Q

Hygiene

A

Science of taking care of health and prevent disease, specially through cleanliness.

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60
Q

Hydroponics

A

Study of growing plants without soil in water which contains nutrients.

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61
Q

Haematology

A

Study of blood in health and disease

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62
Q

Hepatology

A

Study of liver

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63
Q

Ichthyology

A

Study of fishes

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64
Q

Immunology

A

Study of immune system or resistance of body to disease

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65
Q

Kalology

A

Study of human beauty

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66
Q

Metazoans

A

All multicellular animals are called metazoans

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67
Q

Monoecious

A

Plants that have both male and female flower

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68
Q

Morphology

A

Study of external Structure of organism

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69
Q

Microbiology

A

Study of micro-organism like virus, bacteria, algae, fungi an protozoa

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70
Q

Molecular Biology

A

Study of molecules found in the body of living organism.

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71
Q

Medicine

A

Study of treating disease by a drug.

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72
Q

Mammography

A

Branch of science which deal test for breast cancer.

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73
Q

Mycology

A

Study of Fungi

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74
Q

Myrmecology

A

Study of ant is called myrmecology

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75
Q

Mixed Farming

A

Farming along with animal husbandry.

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76
Q

Nutrients

A

Chemical substances taken as food are necessary for various functions, growth, and health of living

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77
Q

Nanotechnology

A

The study ‘Science of very small’ is known as nanotechnology of manipulation of material and device on the scale of atomic level

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78
Q

Neurology

A

Study of nervous system

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79
Q

Neonatology

A

Medical care of newborn especially the ill or premature

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80
Q

Nephrology

A

Study of kidneys

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81
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from the region of its higher concentration to the region of lower concentration.

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82
Q

Odontology

A

Study of teeth and gum.

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83
Q

Osteology

A

Study of bones

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84
Q

Oncology

A

Study of cancer and tumours.

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85
Q

Obstetrics

A

Science related with care of pregnant women before, during, and after childbirth

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86
Q

Ornithology

A

Study of births

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87
Q

Ophthalmology

A

Study of eyes

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88
Q

Orthopaedics

A

Diagnosis and repair of disorder of locomotory system

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89
Q

Phytoplankton

A

Microscopic organism which passively float on the surface of water

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90
Q

Parasite

A

Organism which depend on other living organism for their food and shelter and often harm it

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91
Q

Poikilothermic

A

Organisms that change their body temperature according to their surrounding. These are also called cold-blooded animals.

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92
Q

Pigment

A

A substance which absorb light of certain wavelength like chlorophyll found in green leaves.

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93
Q

Paleontology

A

Study of fossils like dinosaurs.

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94
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the function of various systems of the organism.

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95
Q

Pathology

A

Study of disease, effects, causable agents and transmission of pathogens.

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96
Q

Pomology

A

Study of fruit and fruit yielding plant

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97
Q

Psychiatry

A

Treatment of mental disorders.

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98
Q

Psychology

A

Study of human mind and behaviour.

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99
Q

Pisciculture

A

Rearing of fishes

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100
Q

Phycology

A

Study of algae

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101
Q

Paediatrics

A

Branch of Medicine dealing with children

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102
Q

Parasitology

A

Study of parasites.

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103
Q

Pharmacology

A

The science that deals with drugs

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104
Q

Photobiology

A

Effect of light on various biological processes

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105
Q

Phylogeny

A

Evolutionary history of organisms

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106
Q

Physiotherapy

A

Treatment of body defects through massage and exercise.

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107
Q

Radiology

A

Medical science deals with imaging such as X rays, CT, MRI, PET for diagnosis and treating disease in human body.

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108
Q

Rhinology

A

Study of nose and olfactory organs

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109
Q

Sonography

A

Study of ultrasound imaging

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110
Q

Saurology

A

Study of lizards.

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111
Q

Serology

A

Study of serum, the interaction of antigen, and antibodies in the blood

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112
Q

Sphygmology

A

Study of pulse and arterial pressure

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113
Q

Taxonomy

A

Study of classification, nomenclature, and identification of organisms.

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114
Q

Telepathy

A

Communication of thoughts or ideas from one mind to another without normal use of sense. In other words this is the process of mental contact

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115
Q

Veterinary Science

A

Science of health care and treatment of domestic animals

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116
Q

Holstein Friesian

A

It is a non-indigenous breed of cow.

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117
Q

Primatology

A

The study of bodies and behaviour of human-like species such as monkey, ape, orangutan etc

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118
Q

Viticulture

A

Cultivation of grapes

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119
Q

Horticulture

A

Growing vegetables, flowers, and fruit for commercial purposes.

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120
Q

Agriculture

A

The science and art of cultivating soil, raising crops, and rearing livestock

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121
Q

Olericulture

A

The science of growing vegetables deal with the culture of non-woody plant for food.

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122
Q

Living organisms mostly use _______ energy

A

solar

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123
Q

Metabolism

A

Chemical reactions occurring inside a living cell

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124
Q

Response to stimuli

A

The living have the ability to sense, the condition of their surroundings and respond to these stimuli

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125
Q

When we touch leaves of “Touch me not” plant they close, these movement are called

A

sesmonastic movement

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126
Q

Life on earth is originated by chemosyntesis and was proved in the laboratory by ____

A

Miller

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127
Q

____________________ suggested that life must have developed from a simple inorganic molecule

A

J.B.S Haldane

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128
Q

____________ divided all organism into two kingdoms________ and _________ in his book _____________

A

Linnaeus
Planate, Animalia
Systema Nature

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129
Q

Who is the father of Taxonomy

A

Linnaeus

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130
Q

Genera Plantarium was written by

A

Benthem and Hooker

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131
Q

Five classifications was proposed in ___ by whom

A

1969
RH Whittaker

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132
Q

What are the components of 5 kingdom classification

A

Monera (prokaryotic organism like bacteria, cynobacteria and archiobacteria, Filamentous bacteria)
Protista (unicellular)
Fungi (non-green plants)
Planatae (all plants except algae, diatoms, fungi and member of monera and protista)
Animalia ( all animals except protozoan)

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133
Q

___________________have both heterotropic and autotrophic mode of nutrition, so its placed between plant and animal.

A

Euglena

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134
Q

Under Binomial Nomenclature, the first name is _______ started with _______ and the second name is _______ with a ______.

A

Genus, capital letter
species, small letter

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135
Q

________________________ popularised the use of embryological characters in taxonomy

A

Panchanan Maheswari

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136
Q

The botanist _____________- is credited with creating one of the first widely used natural system of plant classification

A

Joseph Dalton Hooker

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137
Q

Basic unit of classification is

A

Species

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138
Q

The highest unit of calculation is

A

Kingdom

139
Q

_______ is the father of Taxonomy

A

Carlos Linnus

140
Q

Scientific name of Man

A

Hono sapiens

141
Q

The scientific name of Cat

A

Felis domestica

142
Q

Scientific name of Mango

A

Mangifera indica

143
Q

Scientific name of Gram

A

Cicer arietinum

144
Q

Scientific name of Mustard

A

Brassica campestris

145
Q

Scientific name of Wheat

A

Triticum aestivum

146
Q

Scientific name of Frog

A

Rana tigrina

147
Q

Scientific name of Dog

A

Canis familaris

148
Q

Scientific name of Rice

A

Oryza sativa

149
Q

The scientific name of Cow

A

Bos indicus

150
Q

Scientific name of Housefly

A

Musca domestica

151
Q

Scientific name of Pea

A

Pisum sativum

152
Q

Study of cell is called

A

Cytology

153
Q

The word ‘cell’ was first coined by _____________ in ________________________

A

British Scientist Robert Hook
in year 1665

154
Q

The smallest cell is

A

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

155
Q

The longest cell in human body is

A

Neuron

156
Q

The biggest cell is

A

egg of Ostrich

157
Q

______ and _____ established cell theory in the year ______

A

Schilden, Schwan
1838-39

158
Q

Germ plasma theory was proposed by

A

August Weisman

159
Q

What are the two kinds of cells

A

Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

160
Q

Prokaryotes

A

The size of the cell is generally small
Nucleus absent.
It contains a single chromosome which is circular in shape
Membrane bound cell organelles are absent
Cell division takes place by fission or budding

161
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Size of cell is generally large
Nucleus preent
It contains more than one chromosome
Cell organelles present
Cell division takes place by mitosis and meiosis

162
Q

Structure of typical cell

A

Cell wall
Cell membrane
Protoplasm
Mitochondria
Golgi bodies
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome
Lysosome
Centrosome
Plastid
Vaculoe
Nucleus

163
Q

Cell wall

A

In plant cells there is a rigid cell wall that is non-living and freely permeable. It is made up of cellulose or chitin. It provides shape and rigidity to the cell.

164
Q

The cell was made up of

A

Peptidoglycan

165
Q

Cell membrane

A

It is also known as plasma membrane which from the outer covering of the animal cell. In plant cell it is found within cell wall. It is thin, elastic, living, double-layer, permeable membrane. It is made up of phospholipid molecules

166
Q

Protoplasm and who named it

A

The whole fluid present inside plasma membrane is protoplasm. The name protoplasm is given to Purkenje in 1839. Protoplasm is made up of various chemical substances like water ions salt and organic molecule. It is the living part of cell.

167
Q

Protoplasm is divided into

A

Cytoplasm
Nucleoplasm

168
Q

All organism in _____ kingdom are microsopic

A

Monera

169
Q

80% of protoplasm are

A

water

170
Q

Protoplasm is made of

A

76%oxygen
10.5%carbon
10%hydrogen
2.5%nitrogen

171
Q

The ratio of inorganic and organic compound found in protoplasm

A

81:19

172
Q

Mitochondria was discovered by _____ in ______

A

Altman
1886

173
Q

It has a single membrane or a double membrane structure

A

double membrane

174
Q

Inner membrane of mitochondria has many fold called

A

Cristae

175
Q

The fluid present inside mitochondria is called

A

matrix, which contains many enzyme and co-enzyme

176
Q

Mitochondria is considered as a

A

Prokaryotic cell inside Eukaryotic

177
Q

Mitochondria is the

A

respiratory site of cellular respiration

178
Q

Mitochondria synthesize

A

Energy-rich compound known that as ATP
Adenosine Tri Phosphate

179
Q

Mitochondria is also known as

A

Power house of the cell

180
Q

What is the energy currency of the cell

A

Adenosine Tri Phosphate

181
Q

What are golgi bodies make of

A

tubes, vesicles, vacuoles

182
Q

In plants golgi bodies are more in numbers and known as

A

Dictyosomes

183
Q

Functions of Gogi bodies

A

Synthesis of cell wall, plasma membrane and lysosomes

It help in the synthesis of carbohydrate from simple sugar which combine with protein made by ribosome forming glycoprotein.

184
Q

Functions of Gogi bodies

A

Synthesis of cell wall, plasma membrane and lysosomes

It helps in the synthesis of carbohydrate from simple sugar which combines with protein made by ribosome forming glycoprotein.

185
Q

Membranous network of tubules like structure found in the cytoplasm is called

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

186
Q

_________ is attached with the nucleus on one side and the plasma membrane on the other

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

187
Q

Ribosome was discovered by whom

A

Palade

188
Q

Ribosomes are made of

A

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

189
Q

Function of Ribosome

A

Take part in protein synthesis

190
Q

Ribosomes

A

Discovered by Palade. Small granules like structure found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or in free state. It sis made of Ribonucleic acid.

191
Q

Lysosome was discovered by

A

De Duve

192
Q

What are lysosomes

A

Discovered by De Duve. They are sac-like structure bounded by single membrane and contain hydrolytic enzyme

193
Q

Functions of lysosome

A

It helps in intracellular digestion. The enzyme found in the lysosome may digest the entire cell. So it is also known as ‘suicidal bags of the cell’

194
Q

Lysosome is also known as the

A

Suicidal bags of the cell

195
Q

Lysosome is not found in

A

Red blood corpuscles of mammal

196
Q

Centrosome was discovered by

A

Boveri

197
Q

Is centrosome found in plant cell or animal cell or both

A

Animal cell only

198
Q

Centrosome

A

Discovered by Boveri. It is only found in animal cell taking part in cell division. It is not bounded by a membrane consisting of two centrioles.

Centriole found in centrosome initiate the cell division forming spindle fiber between the pole.

199
Q

_________ found in centrosome initiate the cell divison forming ________ between the pole

A

Centriole
spindle fiber

200
Q

Function of centrosome

A

Centriole found i centrosome initiate the cell division forming spindle fiber between the pole

201
Q

Where are plastids found

A

Only in plant cell

202
Q

What are the types of plastids

A

Chloroplast
Chromoplast
Leucoplast

203
Q

What is known as the Kitchen of the cell

A

Chloroplast

204
Q

__________ are the green pigment found in gree plant involve in Photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

205
Q

Chloroplast is bound by how many unit membranes and what are they

A

two unit membrane

Grana
Stroma

206
Q

Grana

A

are made up of membrane-bounded sac-like structure known as thylakoid found in stack

207
Q

Which contains chlorophyll molecules

A

Grana

208
Q

Grana are made up of membrane-bound sac-like structure known as ________ found in stack

A

Thylakoid

209
Q

_________ is the matrix present inside the chloroplast which contain photosynthetic enzymes and starch and grain

A

Stroma

210
Q

A Granum is composed of

A

20-50 thylokoids

211
Q

light reaction site during photosynthesis
dark reaction site

A

Granum
Stroma

212
Q

Functions of chromoplast

A

provides various colours to the plant like flower, fruit etc

213
Q

Types of chromoplast

A

Lycopene: In tomato it provides red color
Carotine: Provide yellow or orange colour in plant example carrot
Betanin: Found in sugar beet

214
Q

Leucoplast

A

is colourless. It stores the food in the form of starch fat and protein.
Leucoplast is found in root and underground stem.

215
Q

Functions of vacuoles

A

It helps in osmoregulation. It stores toxic metabolic waste

216
Q

Vacuole

A

It is a fluid-filled single membrane-bounded, dead organelles of a cell. in plant cell, it is larger in size but in animal, it is smaller in size

217
Q

What is present inside the nucleus

A

Nucleoplasm
nucleolus
chromatin material

218
Q

Nucleus

A

The nucleus is a spherical, centrally located major structure found in the cell. In plant cells, it is shifted towards the periphery. It is bounded by a double-layered nuclear membrane having pores. Within the nucleoplasm nucleolus and chromatin, the material is present.

219
Q

Nucleolus is rich in

A

protein and RNA

220
Q

_______ is a thin thread-like structure forming a network.

A

Chromatin

221
Q

Chromatin material is made up of genetic substance ______ and _______ protein

A

DNA (deoxyribo nucleic acid)
histone

222
Q

During cell division ______ breaks into pieces and forms chromosome

A

chromatin

223
Q

______ is the control room of the cell

A

Nucleus

224
Q

_______ transmits hereditary character from parent to their offspring.

A

Chromatin

225
Q

Other than nucleus DNA is also found in

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

226
Q

______ is able to produce their own protein

A

Mitochondria

227
Q

Active Transport

A

The movement of substance against diffusion gradient with the use of energy from respiration through cell membrane

228
Q

Difference between plant cell and animal cell

A

Plant cells are large in size
animal cell small

cell wall is made up of cellulose and chitin
cell was is absent

plastid is present
plastid is absent

centrosome absent
centrosome present

vacuole are large in size
smaller in size

229
Q

Cell becomes turgid because of

A

Endosmosis

230
Q

Hypertonic and hypotonic

A

Cells deflate
Cells inflate

231
Q

The process of imbibition involves both

A

Diffusion and capillary action

232
Q

Cell increases in volume when placed in

A

Hypotonic solution

233
Q

Chromosomes are thread-like structure found in the nucleus as

A

Chromatin Material

234
Q

Each chromosome is made up of ___________ joined together at a point_______.

A

two chromatids
centromere

235
Q

Genes are made up of ____

A

DNA

236
Q

In some virus____ is the genetic material and is called

A

RNA
Retrovirus

237
Q

Which has only one chromosome

A

Prokaryotes

238
Q

Chromosomes are made up of

A

DNA and Protein

239
Q

Chromosomes are named by

A

Waldeyer in 1888

240
Q

________ cells produce many chromosomes

A

Eukaryotic cells

241
Q

Gametes have _____ set of chromosomes

A

Haploid

242
Q

Chromosomes in Pigeon

A

80

243
Q

Chromosomes in Chimpanzee

A

48

244
Q

Chromosomes in Rabbit

A

44

245
Q

Chromosomes in Frog

A

26

246
Q

Chromosomes in House Fly

A

12

247
Q

Chromosomes in Dog

A

78

248
Q

Chromosomes in Potato

A

48

249
Q

Chromosomes in Wheat

A

42

250
Q

Chromosomes in Tomato

A

24

251
Q

Chromosomes in Mosquito

A

6

252
Q

Chromosomes in Horse

A

64

253
Q

Chromosomes in Human

A

46

254
Q

Chromosomes in Cat

A

38

255
Q

Chromosomes in Pea

A

14

256
Q

Chromosomes in Ascaris

A

2

257
Q

_________ the first to isolate DNA from the nucleus of pus cells

A

Frederic Meischer

258
Q

_________ the first to isolate DNA from the nucleus of pus cells

A

Frederic Meischer

259
Q

Chemically a nucleotide has ____ components and what are they

A

3
1. Nitrogen base
2. Deoxyribose sugar
3. Phosphate group

260
Q

What are the two types of Nitrogen bases

A

Purines
Pyrimidines

261
Q

Purines contains two types of nitrogen bases

A

Adinine
guanine

262
Q

Pyrimidine nitrogen base are

A

Thymine
Cytosine

263
Q

How many types of nucleotides present in the DNA

A

four

264
Q

____ and ____ gave the sturctural model of DNA

A

Watson and Crick

265
Q

DNA molecule consists of ________ strand formaing a double helix

A

Two Polynucleotide strand

266
Q

Each polynucleotide strand has a backboe of ____ and ____

A

sugar
phosphate

267
Q

_______ is attached to the sugar

A

Nitrogen base

268
Q

Neucleoside

A

= Sugar+Nitrogen base

269
Q

Necleotide

A

=sugar + nitrogen base +phosphate

270
Q

Nitrogenous base of the two strands of a double helix form a pair with the help of

A

Hydrogen bonds

271
Q

Number of hydrogen bond found between guanine and cytosine are

A

3

272
Q

Adenine pairs with ____ or vice versa by ____-

A

thymine
double hydrogen bond

273
Q

Hydrophilic nature of DNA is due to presence of

A

Phosphate Bond

274
Q

DNA synthesis

A

RNA

275
Q

______ is a essential constituent of Nucleic acid

A

Phosphorous

276
Q

Sub Unit of DNA is

A

Nucleotide

277
Q

Any change in the base sequence within gene is called

A

Mutation

278
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic Acid : RNA is a single stranded nucleic acid made u po phosphate, ribose sugar and nitrogen base uracil, adenine, guanine and cytosine. It is found in nucleus as well as cytoplasm

279
Q

RNA molecules which act as enzymes

A

riboenzyme

280
Q

What are the types of RNA

A
  1. Messanger RNA (mRNA)
  2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
  3. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
281
Q

Messenger RNA

A

It brings message from DNA found in the nucleus to cytoplasm in the coded form

282
Q

Ribosomal RNA

A

Present in Ribosome which is the site of protein synthesis

283
Q

Transfer RNA

A

It is the carrier of amino acid and transfer it to the ribosome

284
Q

The process of copying genetic information from one strand of DNA into mRNA is termed as

A

Transcription

285
Q

DNA: Sugar is ___ type

A

deoxyribose

286
Q

RNA: Sugar is ____type

A

ribose

287
Q

RNA: it contains _____ at the place of thymine

A

Uracil

288
Q

DNA: it is mainly found in

A

nucleus

289
Q

RNA: is mainly found in

A

nucleus and cytoplasm

290
Q

Cell cycle

A

It is the sequence of events in which cell duplicates its genetic material, synthesis the other constituents of cell and ultimately divide into two daughter cells

291
Q

Cell Division

A

The process in which cell increase in their number is. called cell division. It is needed for growth, development and repair of the body. There are mainly two kind of cell division.

292
Q

Mitosis occurs in

A

somatic cell

293
Q

Uncontrolled mitosis may cause

A

tumor or cancerous growth

294
Q

Meiosis

A

Also called reduction division. This type of division takes place during the formation of haploid gamete

295
Q

how many daughter cells are produced from one meiotic cell division

A

4

296
Q

Division of nucleus during cell division is called

A

karyokinesis

297
Q

Division of cytoplasm is called

A

Cytokinesis

298
Q

Two complete set of chromosome is called

A

diploid, found in somatic cell

299
Q

Single set of chromosome is cell is called

A

haploid, found in gametes

300
Q

Exchange of genetic material between two non sister chromatids takes place during meiosis cell division is called

A

crossing over

301
Q

A pair of chromosome have same size and shape bearing corresponding gene

A

Homologous chromosome

302
Q

Alternative form of characters governed by gene

A

Allele

303
Q

The character of the organism which can be seen directly

A

Phenotype

304
Q

Genetic constitution of organism is called

A

genotype

305
Q

The membrane surrounding the vacuole

A

Tonoplast

306
Q

The basic trilaminar structure of cell membrane

A

Unit membrane

307
Q

The name Genetics was coined by ______ in ____

A

W. Wattson
1905

308
Q

_____ was the first to use the name gene in ____

A

Johannes
1909

309
Q

Who was the first who gave the idea of heredity based on his experiment in 1822-1884

A

Gregar Johan Mendal

310
Q

Who is the father of genetics?

A

Gregar Johan Mendal

311
Q

Mendal chosen_____ for his experiment

A

pea plant

312
Q

Mental made a cross between two pure plant having contrasting character for single trait called

A

monohybrid cross ie. tall and dwarf plant for height

313
Q

Phenotypic ration of Mono Hybrid cross

A

3:1

314
Q

Genotypic ration of Mono Hybrid cross

A

1:2:1

315
Q

Law of dominance

A

offspring of cross breed parent only show dominant characters in F1 generation

316
Q

Law of segregation

A

In F2 generation both the character which is governed by gene is separated

317
Q

Law of independent assortment

A

During dihybrid and trihybrid cross two or three pair of characters are taken. These characters segregate separately without depending on other in F2 generation

318
Q

Mutation

A

A sudden change in the gene which is heritable from one generation to other. The term Mutation was first coined by Hugo De Vries

319
Q

Linkage

A

linkage is an exception in Mendel Law. When two different gene are present on the same chromosome they express themself together instead of independently. This phenomenon is known as Linkage. The word linkage first coined by Morgan (1910)

320
Q

Variation

A

When characters are transmitted from one generation to next generation there is some change. Change in characters by recombination of gene in offspring. So, they looks different from their parents. This phenomenon is known as Variation

321
Q

Chromosomal aberrations

A

Any change in chromosomal structure is known as Chromosomal aberrations

322
Q

Cloning

A

it is a process of producing identical organism from a single cell having same genetic character as his mother. Ex. Sheep Dolly was produced from a single cell

323
Q

____ was assigned to the world’s first clone of an adult animal by the British Scientists

A

Dolly

324
Q

Totipotency

A

It is the potential ability of a plant cell to grow in a complete plant

325
Q

Pluriopotency

A

It is Seth potential ability of a cell to develop into any kinds of cell of animal body

326
Q

Genetically modified organism (GMO)

A

Manipulation of gene by cutting or joining the segment of DNA to get desired varieties of organism is called genetically modified organism. this is also known as genetic engineering.

327
Q

Autonomies

A

Chromosomes found in cell which are responsible for characters other than sex are called autosomes

328
Q

Sex Chromosome

A

The pair of chromosome which determine the sex of organism is called sex chromosome.

Human have 23 pairs of chromosomes in which 22 pair are autosomes and one pair is sex chromosome

329
Q

Genome

A

All gene present in a haploid cell is called genome

330
Q

Plasmagen

A

Gene which are found in organelles of cytoplasm called plasmagen

331
Q

Cistron

A

Functional unit of gene is called cistron

332
Q

Muton

A

Unit of gene responsible for mutation

333
Q

Recon

A

Unit of gene take part in recombination

334
Q

______________ had given the modern definition of gene

A

S. Benzer (1962)

335
Q

The gene which exhibits multiple effects is called

A

Pleiotropic

336
Q

When one gene pair hide the effect of other unit, it is called

A

Epistasis

337
Q

____________________ is a technique used for the detection of disputed parentage.

A

DNA fingerprinting

338
Q

Reverse Transcription was discovered by

A

Temin and Baltimore

339
Q

Targeted drug delivery and gene therapy are made possible by the use of ____________________ in health sector.

A

Nanotechnology

340
Q

____________________ is a genetically engineered form of brinjal has been developed to make it ____________________

A

But brinjal
Pest resistant

341
Q

____________________ of some people is the reason of multiple-drug resistance in microbial pathogens

A

Genetic predisposition

342
Q

____________________ is a molecular scissors used in targeted gene editing which is often mentioned in news

A

Cas I protein

343
Q

In normal cell, the process of the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called

A

Transcription

344
Q

Page no 317

A

Lucent's General Knowledge (10 decks)

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