Biology 1 Chapter 2 (Lecture)

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that takes up space & has mass

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

(Makes up matter) Substance that can not be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions.

Question 3

96% living matter

Answer 3

C, O, H, N

Question 4

Trace Elements

Answer 4

Other 4%. Only required in small quantities. (Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Iodine, & Sulfur)

Question 5

Compound

Answer 5

Substance consisting of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio. (EX: Water)

Question 6

Atom

Answer 6

Smallest unit of matter.

Question 7

Neutrons

Answer 7

No charge (n0)

Question 8

Protons

Answer 8

Positive charge (p+)

Question 9

Electrons

Answer 9

Negative charge (n-)

Question 10

Atomic Nucleus

Answer 10

Made up of Protons and Neutrons. Contains mass of atom

Question 11

Mass (of atom)

Answer 11

1 Dalton

Question 12

Electron Field

Answer 12

Form a sort of cloud of negative charge around the nucleus. Mass is about 1/2000 dalton

Question 13

Atomic Number

Answer 13

Proton Number (Written in bottom left of chemical symbol.) (Also tells the number of electrons if it is neutral)

Question 14

Mass Number

Answer 14

Can also be atomic mass (Superscript to left of elements symbol)

Question 15

Atoms & Ions

Answer 15

Atoms: No charge
Ion: Charge

Question 16

Isotopes

Answer 16

Different number of neutrons in the nucleus

Question 17

Reactive Isotopes

Answer 17

Decay spontaneously, giving off particles & energy.

Question 18

Energy

Answer 18

Capacity to cause change

Question 19

Potential Energy

Answer 19

Matter has because of its location or structure.

Question 20

Kinetic Energy

Answer 20

Matter has when it is in motion.

Question 21

Electron Shells

Answer 21

Electron’s state of potential energy

1) 2 e- in first
2) Max 8e- in second
3) Max 8e- in third

Question 22

Valence Shell

Answer 22

Outermost shell

Question 23

Chemical Bonds

Answer 23

Strongest are Covalent and Ionic

Question 24

Covalent Bonds

Answer 24

Sharing of a pair of valence electrons

Question 25

Molecule

Answer 25

2 or more atoms held together by covalent bond

Question 26

Single Bond

Answer 26

Sharing of one pair of valence electrons

Question 27

Double Bond

Answer 27

Sharing of 2 pairs.

Question 28

Bonding Capacity

Answer 28

Valence. Equals the number of unpaired e- required to complete outermost shell. (H-1, O-2, N-3, C-4)

Question 29

Electronegativity

Answer 29

Atoms attraction for electrons in a covalent bond.

Question 30

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

Answer 30

Shared equally

Question 31

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 31

Not shared equally

Question 32

Ionic Bond

Answer 32

Transfer of e- (salts)

Question 33

Weak Chemical Bonds

Answer 33

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 34

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 34

Noncovalent between hydrogen & electronegative atoms

Question 35

Chemical Reaction

Answer 35

Making or breaking of chemical bonds (reactants & Products)

Question 36

Chemical Equilibrium

Answer 36

Reached when the forward and reverse reaction RATES are equal.