Biology -1- Biological molecules

Question 1

What are the four main types of biological molecules?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Question 2

True or False: Enzymes are a type of lipid.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The basic unit of carbohydrates is called a __________.

Answer 3

monosaccharide

Question 4

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Answer 4

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.

Question 5

List the three components of a nucleotide.

Answer 5

A phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 6

What type of bond forms between amino acids?

Answer 6

Peptide bond.

Question 7

True or False: Lipids are soluble in water.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Answer 8

To provide and store energy.

Question 9

Multiple choice: Which of the following is not a polysaccharide? A) Starch B) Glycogen C) Glucose D) Cellulose

Answer 9

C) Glucose

Question 10

What is the general structure of an amino acid?

Answer 10

An amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable R group.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its __________.

Answer 11

structure and function.

Question 12

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 12

Amino acids.

Question 13

True or False: Nucleic acids include DNA and RNA.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 14

To store and transmit genetic information.

Question 15

What type of lipid is important for forming cell membranes?

Answer 15

Phospholipids.

Question 16

Multiple choice: Which molecule is a major energy carrier in cells? A) ATP B) DNA C) RNA D) Protein

Answer 16

A) ATP

Question 17

What is a triglyceride composed of?

Answer 17

Glycerol and three fatty acids.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The primary structure of a protein is determined by its __________.

Answer 18

amino acid sequence.

Question 19

What is the role of ribosomes in cells?

Answer 19

To synthesize proteins.

Question 20

True or False: All enzymes are proteins.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 21

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 22

What type of reaction connects monomers to form polymers?

Answer 22

Dehydration synthesis.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The secondary structure of proteins includes __________ and __________.

Answer 23

alpha helices and beta sheets.

Question 24

What is the function of cholesterol in cell membranes?

Answer 24

To maintain fluidity and stability.

Question 25

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of enzymes? A) They are consumed in reactions B) They increase the activation energy C) They are specific to substrates D) They are lipids

Answer 25

C) They are specific to substrates

Question 26

What are the four bases found in DNA?

Answer 26

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

Question 27

True or False: RNA is double-stranded.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

What is the primary function of RNA?

Answer 28

To play a role in protein synthesis.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The tertiary structure of a protein is determined by __________ interactions.

Answer 29

R group

Question 30

What is a common test for the presence of reducing sugars?

Answer 30

Benedict's test.

Question 31

Multiple choice: Which type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together? A) Ionic bond B) Hydrogen bond C) Covalent bond D) Metallic bond

Answer 31

B) Hydrogen bond

Question 32

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

Answer 32

DNA and RNA.

Question 33

True or False: Glycogen is a storage form of glucose in animals.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The __________ structure of proteins refers to the overall 3D shape.

Answer 34

quaternary

Question 35

What is the role of the active site of an enzyme?

Answer 35

To bind substrates and catalyze reactions.

Question 36

What are the two main types of carbohydrates?

Answer 36

Simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates.

Question 37

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a function of proteins? A) Energy storage B) Structural support C) Hormonal signaling D) All of the above

Answer 37

D) All of the above

Question 38

True or False: All lipids are soluble in water.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

What is the primary purpose of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Answer 39

To amplify DNA.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The __________ model describes how enzymes and substrates interact.

Answer 40

lock and key

Question 41

What are the two types of nucleotides in RNA?

Answer 41

Adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine.

Question 42

What is the main function of phospholipids in cellular structures?

Answer 42

To form the bilayer of cell membranes.

Question 43

True or False: Proteins can be denatured by high temperatures.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

What is a common test for proteins?

Answer 44

Biuret test.

Question 45

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of lipids? A) They are hydrophilic B) They are polar C) They store more energy than carbohydrates D) They are soluble in water

Answer 45

C) They store more energy than carbohydrates

Question 46

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Answer 46

To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.