BIOLOGICAL- Stress management

Question 1

What effect does a neurotransmitter which makes positive ions rush into dendrites have?

Answer 1

Excitatory effect

Question 2

How do benzodiazapines (BZs) work?

Answer 2

They act by making the activity of GABA easier. This is done by enhances the effectiveness of GABA.

Question 3

Give 2 examples of BZs

Answer 3

ValiumLibrium

Question 4

What is GABA?

Answer 4

An important chemical transmitter in the brain

Question 5

In which part of the nervous system do BZs operate?

Answer 5

Central Nervous SystemBrain

Question 6

Which receptor sites do BZs bind to?

Answer 6

GABA receptors

Question 7

What effect do BZs binding to GABA receptors have on ion channels?

Answer 7

Opens chanels allowing negitivly charged chloride ions to pass to the inside of the neuron.

Question 8

How does having negitivly charged ions inside of the neuron help with stress?

Answer 8

Enhances the amound of inhibitry neuro transmitters released. This reduces the brain activity & stress impulses therefore calming the person.

Question 9

Give an example of an excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 9

Serotonin

Question 10

Give 2 side effects caused by using BZs

Answer 10

DrowsinessBeing less alert

Question 11

Give an example of a beta blocker

Answer 11

Inderal

Question 12

In which part of the nervous system do beta blockers operate?

Answer 12

The pathways of the sympathetic nervous system which is part of the autonomic branch of the peripheral nervous system

Question 13

Which neuro transmitters/hormones are beta adrenic receptors responsive to?

Answer 13

AdrenalineNoradrenaline

Question 14

What do beta blockers do?

Answer 14

Reduce the activity of adrenaline & noradrenaline. The result of this being adrenergic receptors are blocked which are on the wall of the heart.

Question 15

What effect does the blockage of adrenergic receptors have?

Answer 15

Slows the heart beat, lessenign the force that heart and blood vessels contract with.

Question 16

What is the purpose of Stress Inoculation Training (SIT)?

Answer 16

To help patients gradually master stressful situations psychologically.

Question 17

What are the 3 stages of SIT?

Answer 17

Conceptualisation Skills training & practiceReal life application

Question 18

Describe the stage Conceptualisation

Answer 18

Enabling the patient to identify why certain situations are stressful

Question 19

Describe the stage Skills training & practice

Answer 19

Developing cognitive coping strategies with the therapist.

Question 20

Describe the stage Real life application

Answer 20

Gradually introducing the patient to applying the coping strategies to increasingly stressful real life situations.

Question 21

Give 3 advantes of using drug therapy to cope with stress

Answer 21

Quick & effective - provide a quick release by reducing harmful symptoms of stress quickly. Universal - work on everyone (don’t require dedication like SIT does)Availability - Can be immediatly perscribed and are readily available.

Question 22

Give 2 disadvantages of using drug therapy to cope with stress

Answer 22

Side effects - BZs can reslt in drowsiness and affect memory. Can cause breathing problems for those who suffer from astchma. Dependancy - People become dependant on drugs to relieve them from stress rather than learning to cope on their own.

Question 23

Give 2 advantes of using psychological methods to cope with stress

Answer 23

Long term solution - People can use the techniques in the future therefore providing a long term solutionTarget symptoms & causes - Patients understand their stress and learn to cope with/ avoid stress. No dependancy - People do not become dependant on drugs, putting them in full control of situations.

Question 24

Give 2 disadvantages of using psychological methods to cope with stress

Answer 24

Difficult - demands a high level of dedication & commitment, not everyone has thisPracticality - Very time consuming and not gaurenteed to be effective.

Question 25

What is an excitatory neurotransmitter?

Answer 25

Encourage action potential, therefore encouraging brain activity.

Question 26

What is an inhibitory neurotransmitter?

Answer 26

prevent action potential, therfore inhibiting brain activity.