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PSYCHOLOGY V.2 > BIOLOGICAL - Stress > Flashcards

BIOLOGICAL - Stress Flashcards

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1
Q

Which part of the brain responds to stress?

A

Hypothalamus

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2
Q

How does the nervous system carry messages?

A

Electrical signals that pass along neurons

These rely on neurochemicals at the gaps between neurons

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3
Q

What is the role of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

Contains sensory and motor pathways.

These enable the brain to be aware of the world and control responses

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4
Q

Which part of the PNS is involved in stress response

A

Autonomic nervous system

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5
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Connects the heart with various glands such as the adrenal medulla
Concerned with regulation of internal structures
Works through direct neural stimulation of organs and releasing hormones through glands

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6
Q

What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic branch

Parasympathetic branch

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7
Q

What does arousal of the sympathetic branch lead to?

A

Bodily arousal

increased heart rate and blood pressure

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8
Q

What does dominance of the sympathetic branch lead to?

A

Overall bodily calm

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9
Q

What are exocrine glands?

A

Glands with ducts that secrete products such as tears, sweat and saliva
These reach their destination through ducts

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10
Q

What are endocrine glands?

A

They secrete hormones concerned with behaviour

They are secreted directly into the blood stream

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11
Q

How does transferal of messages from neurotransmitters differ from the endocrine system

A

Neurotransmitters can pass on messages in fractions of a second but diffusion of hormones through the endocrine system takes much longer

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12
Q

When is the nervous system used in response to stress?

A

when an immediate response is required

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13
Q

S.A.M

A

Sympathetic branch of ANS

Stimulates the adrenal medulla

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14
Q

Describe S.A.M

A 
Stressor
Hypothalamus
ANS
Sympathetic branch 
Adrenaline and noradrenaline 
Fight/flight
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15
Q

What response does S.A.M produce?

A

Fight or flight

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16
Q

P.A.C

A

Pituitary gland

Adrenal cortex

17
Q

Decsibe P.A.C

A 
Stressor
Hypothalamus 
Pituitary gland
Release ACTH
Adrenal cortex 
Corticosteroids/cortisol released into blood stream
18
Q

What triggers S.A.M?

A

It is a shock response

19
Q

What triggers P.A.C?

A

Long term (several hours of more)

20
Q

What does the release of corticosteroids cause?

A

Gives us energy by converting fat into protein

The energy is need to replace the energy used

21
Q

How does stress response differ between genders?

A

Women - tend and befriends (psychological)

Men - Sympathetic nervous system arousal (biological)

22
Q

Natural immunity

A

Primitive system made of cells in the blood stream.

They attack and ingest invading pathogens e.g viruses

23
Q

Specific immunity

A

Based on cells known as lymphocytes. More specific than natural immunity

24
Q

2 types of specific immunity

A

Cellular

Humoral

25
Q

Cellular immunity

A

Contains many different types of T cells that attack pathogens such as viruses in combination

26
Q

Humoral immunity

A

Contains many different type of B cells

In combination these destroy outside cells e.g. bacteria

27
Q

Asside from immunity, in what other ways can stress negatively impact our health?

A

Increased blood pressure and heart rate can damage the lining of the heart.
Prolonged levels of stress

28
Q

What impact have acute time limited stressors been shown to have on the immune system?

A

Upregulation of natural immunity

29
Q

What impact have brief naturalistic stressors been shown to have on the immune system?

A

A shift from cellular immunity towards humoral immunity but no durastic effects but viruses are not dealt with as adequately

30
Q

What impact have chronic stressors been shown to have on the immune system?

A

Down regulation of immunity due to release of corticosteroids

31
Q

Daily hassles

A

minor everyday annoyances

32
Q

Daily uplifts

A

positive everyday occurrences

PSYCHOLOGY V.2 (12 decks)

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