biological, sociocultural, environment factors on diff populations Flashcards
Indigenous Australains
- Indigenous Austalians are more liekly to die before theyre old
- indigenous popn is ypunger thsn non indigenous b/c higher fertility rates and death rates
Biological factors for indigenous Australians
BLOOD PRESSURE: 1 in 5 indigenous had high BP
BODYWEIGHT: more likely to be underweight (2-14y/o) and overweight (15+y/o)
BG REGULATION: high BGL were greater therefore increased risk of diabetes
sociocultural factors for indigenous Australians
SES: lower levels of education so lower income, pooer housing, food insecurity, access to healthcare
EMPLOYMENT STATUS: more in low skilled labour jobs increasing risk
SOCIAL EXCLUSION: more likely to be exclused for education, healthcare and employment. higher rates of alcohol, drugs and violence
SOCIAL NETWORKS: more one parent families, more hospitalizations due to family violence
Environmental factores for indigenous Australians
AIR/WATER SANITATION: poor t/f increased risk of waterborne diseases
HOUSING: poorer quality, over crowding, less safety
SANITATION: Poor sanitation is common t/f higher risk of chronic and infectious disease
ACCESS: more live in remote areas so greter distance for travel for food, education, healthcare etc.
Biological factors for males and females
- males are at higher risk of CVD and T2DM b/c more overweight than females
- HORMONES: terstosterone leads to more risk taking behaviours and ^ CVD. Oestrogen linked to decrease in cholesterol and osteoporosis until menopause
- **BP: ** males have higher BP up to 64-74 y/o
- GLUCOSE REGULATION: males more impaired glucose regulation
sociocultural factors for males and females
- **EMPLOYMENT: **males are more likely to work in manual jobs and be unemployed.
- Females are more likely to get checkups so prevent diseases.
- INCOME: males are more likely to have a higher income. females more likely to work part time
environmental factors for males and females
WORK ENVIRONMENT: men are more likely to work outdoors t/f more UV, pollution and chemicals that can cause harm.
men more likely to drive long distances for jobs.
socioeconomic status
definition
refers to the soical positionin society which is determind by income/education/ occupation.
biological factors for high vs low socioeconomic status.
- low SES are more likely to be overweight, have hypertension and poor blood glucose regulation t/f CVD, T2DM, Stroke, heart disease.
sociocultural factors for high vs low socioeconomic status.
- low SES more liely to have lower paying jobs so high rates of injury. lack of employment leads to stress
- more social exclusion, poor diet, alcohol, drugs and smoking
- less access to healthcare t/f conditions go untreated increasing morebidity + mortality rates.
environmental factors for high vs low socioeconomic status.
- higher risk of overcrowding t/f increased risk of injury, infections, poor mental health
- more likely to have inadequate cooking + food storage so harder to consume fresh food.
- more likely to be located near fast food so encourages sugary fatty food consumption
- more likely to work in dangerous environment so more injury t/f ^ morbidity and mortality.
Biological factors for Australians living WITHIN + OUTSIDE major cities
**BODYWEIGHT: **OMC have higher body weight so increased risk of CVD, diabetes an dsome cancers
BIRTHWEIGHT:OMC more low birth weight babies b/c smoking, poor access to HC, more teen mothers.
Sociocultural factors for Australians living WITHIN + OUTSIDE major cities
ACCESS TO HC: more GPs in city so conditions get treated an diadnosed.
SOCIAL ISOLATION: IMC more community connections
SES: OMC have lower SES so less health literacy, food insecurity, more unemployment
Environmental factors for Australians living WITHIN + OUTSIDE major cities
**INFRASTRUCTURE: **pooer road conditions and high speed t/f risk of road injuries and fatalities. Poor sanitation resources t/f ^ risk of disease.
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION: OMC less access to healthcare, supermakets, gym and sport facilities
CLIMATE EXTREMES: drought, floods, fire etc
WORK ENVIRONMENT: OMC working outside, manual and dangerous occupations
Smoking
Factors influencing HS and BOD
can cause CVD, some cancer, Low birth weight, respiratory conditions, risk of infections
BOD: responsible for high number of BOD for coronary heart disease and asthma
HS: increased morbidity and mortality due to some cancer, CVD/ increased risk of infection/ lower LE and HALEs
Alcohol
Factors influencing HS and BOD
can cause obesity, liver disease, accidents/ injuries, mental health issues, foetal alcohol spectrum disorder.
BOD: road traffic accidents, all of DALY for alcohol disorders, liver disease, sig contribution YLL due to cancer, increased YLL AND YLD b/c of CVD
HS: increased incidence and mortality of CVD, T2DM, some cancers etc increased IMR + U5MR
HIGH BODY MASS
Factors influencing HS and BOD
can cause CVD, some cnacers, T2DM, chronic kidney disease, arthritis and osteoporoisis, asthma
BOD: diabetes burden, kidney disease, ^ YLD for MH issues/ osteoarthritis/ T2DM/ asthma
HS: ^ morbidity + mortality due to cancer, CVD, kidney disease etc. decreased LE and HALEs.
undercomsumption of fruit
what is causes, BOD and HS
High BMI due to lack of fibre intake, neural tue defects, CVD and various cancers
BOD: YLL + YLD B/C of high BMI + CVD, DALY for infants w neural tube defects
HS: ^ morbidity + mortality due to some cancers, ^ IMR + U5MR, lower LE + HALE
Underconsumption of vegetables
what it causes, BOD and HS
high BMI, various cancers, CVD, neural tube defects. consuming adequate vegetables allows you to consume adequate levels of vitamins and minerals
BOD: YLL + YLD B/C of high BMI + CVD, DALY for infants w neural tube defects
HS: ^ morbidity + mortality due to some cancers, ^ IMR + U5MR, lower LE + HALE
Underconsumption of dairy
what is causes, HS and BOD
links to osteoporosis, T2DM, CVD stroke, hypertension, colorectal cancer.
BOD: significant YLD due to osteoporosis, DALY with CVD/colorectal cancer + T2DM, YLD due to dental caries
HS: morbidity b/c of osteoporosis, morbidioty and mortality b/c of CVD, colorectal, T2DM/ ^ incedence of dental caries.
overconsumption of fats
what it cause, BOD
contributes to weight gain, increased cholesterol levels so higher risk of CVD, some cancers and T2DM
saturated and trans fats leads to a buid up of cholesterol which leads to artherosclerosis ^ risk of stroke and heart attack
BOD: increased DALY associated with CVD, T2DM and colerectal cancer
over consumption of salt
what it leads to, BOD
sodium attracks water to the cells increasing blood pressure (hypertension) meaning the heart works harder increasing risk of heart failure, stroke, heart attack and osteroporosis
BOD DALY due to hypertension, heart failure and heart attack. YLD^ due to osteoporosis
overconsumption of sugar
what it causes and BOD
energy dense so if not used, is converted into fat. Increases risk of tooth decay
BOD DALY due to high BMI associated conditions. YLD due to dental caries
underconsumption of fibre
what it causes and BOD
can lead to a high body mass as lack to fibre makes you feel less full. increased risk of colerectal cancer b/c more moisture in colon. increased risk of high cholesterol, CVD + T2DM
BOD DALY due to colerectal cancer + CVD
underconsumption of iron
what it cause, BOD
leads to iron anemia so blood cannot carry enough oxygen to cells. Increases risk of low energy, pale skin and fainting. More common in females who menstrate.
BOD: YLD due to anemia
