biological, sociocultural, environment factors on diff populations

Question 1

Indigenous Australains

Answer 1

• Indigenous Austalians are more liekly to die before theyre old
• indigenous popn is ypunger thsn non indigenous b/c higher fertility rates and death rates

Question 2

Biological factors for indigenous Australians

Answer 2

BLOOD PRESSURE: 1 in 5 indigenous had high BP
BODYWEIGHT: more likely to be underweight (2-14y/o) and overweight (15+y/o)
BG REGULATION: high BGL were greater therefore increased risk of diabetes

Question 3

sociocultural factors for indigenous Australians

Answer 3

SES: lower levels of education so lower income, pooer housing, food insecurity, access to healthcare
EMPLOYMENT STATUS: more in low skilled labour jobs increasing risk
SOCIAL EXCLUSION: more likely to be exclused for education, healthcare and employment. higher rates of alcohol, drugs and violence
SOCIAL NETWORKS: more one parent families, more hospitalizations due to family violence

Question 4

Environmental factores for indigenous Australians

Answer 4

AIR/WATER SANITATION: poor t/f increased risk of waterborne diseases
HOUSING: poorer quality, over crowding, less safety
SANITATION: Poor sanitation is common t/f higher risk of chronic and infectious disease
ACCESS: more live in remote areas so greter distance for travel for food, education, healthcare etc.

Question 5

Biological factors for males and females

Answer 5

• males are at higher risk of CVD and T2DM b/c more overweight than females
• HORMONES: terstosterone leads to more risk taking behaviours and ^ CVD. Oestrogen linked to decrease in cholesterol and osteoporosis until menopause
• **BP: ** males have higher BP up to 64-74 y/o
• GLUCOSE REGULATION: males more impaired glucose regulation

Question 6

sociocultural factors for males and females

Answer 6

• **EMPLOYMENT: **males are more likely to work in manual jobs and be unemployed.
• Females are more likely to get checkups so prevent diseases.
• INCOME: males are more likely to have a higher income. females more likely to work part time

Question 7

environmental factors for males and females

Answer 7

WORK ENVIRONMENT: men are more likely to work outdoors t/f more UV, pollution and chemicals that can cause harm.
men more likely to drive long distances for jobs.

Question 8

socioeconomic status

definition

Answer 8

refers to the soical positionin society which is determind by income/education/ occupation.

Question 9

biological factors for high vs low socioeconomic status.

Answer 9

• low SES are more likely to be overweight, have hypertension and poor blood glucose regulation t/f CVD, T2DM, Stroke, heart disease.

Question 10

sociocultural factors for high vs low socioeconomic status.

Answer 10

• low SES more liely to have lower paying jobs so high rates of injury. lack of employment leads to stress
• more social exclusion, poor diet, alcohol, drugs and smoking
• less access to healthcare t/f conditions go untreated increasing morebidity + mortality rates.

Question 11

environmental factors for high vs low socioeconomic status.

Answer 11

• higher risk of overcrowding t/f increased risk of injury, infections, poor mental health
• more likely to have inadequate cooking + food storage so harder to consume fresh food.
• more likely to be located near fast food so encourages sugary fatty food consumption
• more likely to work in dangerous environment so more injury t/f ^ morbidity and mortality.

Question 12

Biological factors for Australians living WITHIN + OUTSIDE major cities

Answer 12

**BODYWEIGHT: **OMC have higher body weight so increased risk of CVD, diabetes an dsome cancers
BIRTHWEIGHT:OMC more low birth weight babies b/c smoking, poor access to HC, more teen mothers.

Question 13

Sociocultural factors for Australians living WITHIN + OUTSIDE major cities

Answer 13

ACCESS TO HC: more GPs in city so conditions get treated an diadnosed.
SOCIAL ISOLATION: IMC more community connections
SES: OMC have lower SES so less health literacy, food insecurity, more unemployment

Question 14

Environmental factors for Australians living WITHIN + OUTSIDE major cities

Answer 14

**INFRASTRUCTURE: **pooer road conditions and high speed t/f risk of road injuries and fatalities. Poor sanitation resources t/f ^ risk of disease.
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION: OMC less access to healthcare, supermakets, gym and sport facilities
CLIMATE EXTREMES: drought, floods, fire etc
WORK ENVIRONMENT: OMC working outside, manual and dangerous occupations

Question 15

Smoking

Factors influencing HS and BOD

Answer 15

can cause CVD, some cancer, Low birth weight, respiratory conditions, risk of infections
BOD: responsible for high number of BOD for coronary heart disease and asthma
HS: increased morbidity and mortality due to some cancer, CVD/ increased risk of infection/ lower LE and HALEs

Question 16

Alcohol

Factors influencing HS and BOD

Answer 16

can cause obesity, liver disease, accidents/ injuries, mental health issues, foetal alcohol spectrum disorder.
BOD: road traffic accidents, all of DALY for alcohol disorders, liver disease, sig contribution YLL due to cancer, increased YLL AND YLD b/c of CVD
HS: increased incidence and mortality of CVD, T2DM, some cancers etc increased IMR + U5MR

Question 17

HIGH BODY MASS

Factors influencing HS and BOD

Answer 17

can cause CVD, some cnacers, T2DM, chronic kidney disease, arthritis and osteoporoisis, asthma
BOD: diabetes burden, kidney disease, ^ YLD for MH issues/ osteoarthritis/ T2DM/ asthma
HS: ^ morbidity + mortality due to cancer, CVD, kidney disease etc. decreased LE and HALEs.

Question 18

undercomsumption of fruit

what is causes, BOD and HS

Answer 18

High BMI due to lack of fibre intake, neural tue defects, CVD and various cancers
BOD: YLL + YLD B/C of high BMI + CVD, DALY for infants w neural tube defects
HS: ^ morbidity + mortality due to some cancers, ^ IMR + U5MR, lower LE + HALE

Question 19

Underconsumption of vegetables

what it causes, BOD and HS

Answer 19

high BMI, various cancers, CVD, neural tube defects. consuming adequate vegetables allows you to consume adequate levels of vitamins and minerals
BOD: YLL + YLD B/C of high BMI + CVD, DALY for infants w neural tube defects
HS: ^ morbidity + mortality due to some cancers, ^ IMR + U5MR, lower LE + HALE

Question 20

Underconsumption of dairy

what is causes, HS and BOD

Answer 20

links to osteoporosis, T2DM, CVD stroke, hypertension, colorectal cancer.
BOD: significant YLD due to osteoporosis, DALY with CVD/colorectal cancer + T2DM, YLD due to dental caries
HS: morbidity b/c of osteoporosis, morbidioty and mortality b/c of CVD, colorectal, T2DM/ ^ incedence of dental caries.

Question 21

overconsumption of fats

what it cause, BOD

Answer 21

contributes to weight gain, increased cholesterol levels so higher risk of CVD, some cancers and T2DM
saturated and trans fats leads to a buid up of cholesterol which leads to artherosclerosis ^ risk of stroke and heart attack
BOD: increased DALY associated with CVD, T2DM and colerectal cancer

Question 22

over consumption of salt

what it leads to, BOD

Answer 22

sodium attracks water to the cells increasing blood pressure (hypertension) meaning the heart works harder increasing risk of heart failure, stroke, heart attack and osteroporosis
BOD DALY due to hypertension, heart failure and heart attack. YLD^ due to osteoporosis

Question 23

overconsumption of sugar

what it causes and BOD

Answer 23

energy dense so if not used, is converted into fat. Increases risk of tooth decay
BOD DALY due to high BMI associated conditions. YLD due to dental caries

Question 24

underconsumption of fibre

what it causes and BOD

Answer 24

can lead to a high body mass as lack to fibre makes you feel less full. increased risk of colerectal cancer b/c more moisture in colon. increased risk of high cholesterol, CVD + T2DM
BOD DALY due to colerectal cancer + CVD

Question 25

underconsumption of iron

what it cause, BOD

Answer 25

leads to iron anemia so blood cannot carry enough oxygen to cells. Increases risk of low energy, pale skin and fainting. More common in females who menstrate.
BOD: YLD due to anemia