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Gsa Desk > Biological Sciences > Flashcards

Biological Sciences Flashcards

1
Q

What is cell

A

Structural and functional unit of living organisms

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2
Q

Structure of cell

A

Cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, cell organelles ( mitochondria, lysosome, ribosome, Golgi bodies, chloroplast, vacuoles

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3
Q

What is Cell wall function

A

Outer boundary of cell made of cellulose and homocelluose, present in plant only
Protect cell
Provide structure and shape

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4
Q

What is cytoplasm

A

Jelly like structure
Transport of Material and chemical reactions take place. Membrane bounded organelles are attached with it.

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5
Q

Cell membrane

A

Shape porous, control the movement of substances. Outer most covering. Forms wall like structure protects from outside

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6
Q

Nucleus

A

Control all activities in cell.
Control cellular activities. Present of heredity material DNA rna

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7
Q

Ribosome

A

Protein synthesis. Found In membrane bounded organelles.

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8
Q

Golgi bodies transportation of materials

A
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9
Q

Lysosome

A

Protect against foreign threat

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10
Q

Mitrochondria

A

Power house of cell produces ATP

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11
Q

Digestive system function structure and organs

A

The process of breaking down the food particles into digestive substances through mechanical process is called digestive system.
Mouth
Food enter through this
Phyrinx
Food pipe lead to oesophagus
Oesophagus transfer food to stomach
Stomach. Store food for temperory time period to digest.
Small intestine. Collect the material and transfer waste to large intestine
Large intestine. Absorb water and and consist of bacteria Then transfer to rectum
Rectum. Elimane the waste.

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12
Q

Liver anotomy and function

A

Triangular shape right lobe big, left lobe small seperated by flaciform and have a hepatic duct.
Functions
Produces bile
Help in blood clotting
Metabolism of protein
Storage of vitamins
Regeneration of liver
Immunological function

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13
Q

Human eye structure and function

A

The specialised sensory organ helps in visualising objects
Parts. Cornea, retina,sclarea, iris, pupil, lens
Sclarea: Outer covering of eye the transparent part of eye. Protects the eye from foreign pathogens . White part of eye
Cornea : after sclarea the white part of eye is through which light enters the eye.
Retina : sensitive tissue of eye transform images into electric impulse and transform to brain.
Iris: dark mascular tissue behind cornea indicates the colour of eye.
Pupil : small opening in the iris its size is controlled by the help of eye.
Lens: behind pupil transplant structure called lens.

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14
Q

Respiratory system and organs

A

The exchange of gases and inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon to produce energy is respiratory
Respiratory organs
Nose
Lynrax, phyrinx, trachea , bronchi and lungs.
Nose : two nostrils air enters through it.
Lynrax: termed as Adams apple pass air to phyrinx
Phrynax: nasal chamber open into this pipe . Common path for both food and air
Trachi wind pipe sends the air to bronchi this splits into two tubes and open into lungs
Lungs 🫁 pink spongy organs intake the oxygen and send back the carbon.

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15
Q

Endocrine system

A

Harmones are chemical that effects body functions like hunger , reproduction, sleep cycle and emotions.
Pituitary glands.
Size of pea enclosed within skull. Master gland control function of all glands. It stimulates adrenal gland to secerate cortical release harmones flh.
Thyroid gland
Present at the front of neck.secrtes thyroid hormone which controls metabolism.
Pinel gland : third eye produces harmone melatonin which influnce sleep cycle.
Parathyroid glands: four small glands behind thyroid: influnce calcium levels.
Adrenal gland: over kindeney response to emergency by increasing heart bear, blood pressure, shivering.
Gonads : responsible for reproduction.

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16
Q

Diseases. Polio

A

Polio viral disease effects nervous system.
Type of polio
Subclinical: no severe system or praylasis . Does not effects nervous system
Non paraylatic: no praylasis
Paralytic results in praylasis
Symptoms: fever, weakness, muscle pain , vomiting
Causes: contaminated food or water
Treatment: polio vaccine.

17
Q

Diseases: diarrhoea

A

Frequent passage of loose Watery and informed stools is called diarrhoea.
Causes: food position. Dehydration, alcohol consumption.
Type of diarrhoea:
Chronic: 1 week
Acute 2,3 days
Treatment: antibiotics
Intake of water. Light diet
Signs, symptoms:: vomiting, cramps and fever.

18
Q

Maleria
Mosquito borne disease caused by plasmodium.
Causes: plasmodium bite of mosquito.
Symptoms: fever, headache, vomiting, bloody stools.
Prevention: use of mosquito net. Covering self

A
19
Q

Dengue

A

Mosquito borne disease. Deadly disease
Causes: bite of mosquito
Symptoms: reaches, fever, vomiting, weakness, muscles pain , drop in blood pressure.gum and nose bleeding.
Prevention: mosquito net, wearing full clothes. Keep surrounding clean.

20
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammatory disease of liver impacts liver. Viral in nature. Impact liver
Causes. Consumption of alcohol, autoimmune system response when immune system mistakes liver as a harmful object.
Symptoms: weak immune system, fever, vomiting, stomach pain, weight loss changes in test.
Treatment: prescribed diet. , antibiotics and diagnostics

21
Q

Aids

A

Human immune deficiency. Caused by hiv virus. Results in multiple diseases. Ability to fight against the foreign bodies reduced.
Causes: blood transmission, sex with affacted person, sharing Crockery, needle sharing.
Treatment : no cure
Prevention: loyal with person, avoid sharing needles.

22
Q

Mealses

A

Air borne disease
Symptoms: fever , coughing, red dots on skin , vomiting.
Treatment. Isolation of patients, antibiotics

23
Q

Rabies

A

Viral disease Common in dogs, bats ,fox,
Cause : through the bite of animal.
Symptoms: fear of water , depression, fever, anxiety difficulty in swolling food.
Treatment: vaccine

24
Q

Small pox

A

Contagious disease transmit from one person to other through droplets.
Dedicated
Symptoms fever headache coughing, rashes filled with puss. Treatment vaccination.

25
Q

Immunity.

A

The capicity to recognise the instructions of any material, foreign to the body and specific cell
Types of immunity.
Active immunity. Naturally present
Passive immunity. Introduction of antibodies

26
Q

Human ear

A

The ear is a sensitive organ of the human body. It is mainly concerned with detecting, transmitting and transducing sound.

27
Q

Structure of Ear

A

External ear
Middle ear
Internal ear

28
Q

External Ear

A

1:(Pinna)

The auricle comprises a thin plate of elastic cartilage covered by a layer of skin. It consists of funnel-like curves that collect 2: Auditory Meatus

It is a slightly curved canal supported by bone in its interior part and cartilage in the exterior part.
3: Tympanic Membrane

This membrane separates the middle ear and the external ear. This part receives and amplifies the sound waves. I

29
Q

Middle Ear

A

Tympanic Cavity

It is a narrow air-filled cavity separated from the external ear by tympanic membrane and from inner ear by the bony wall. The tympanic cavity has an auditory tube known as the eustachian tube in its anterior wall.

Eustachian Tube

The eustachian tube is a 4cm long tube that equalizes air pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane. It connects the tympanic cavity with the nasopharynx.

Ear Ossicles

These are responsible for transmitting sound waves from the eardrum to the middle ear.

30
Q

Middle Ear

A

Tympanic Cavity

It is a narrow air-filled cavity separated from the external ear by tympanic membrane and from inner ear by the bony wall. The tympanic cavity has an auditory tube known as the eustachian tube in its anterior wall.

Eustachian Tube

The eustachian tube is a 4cm long tube that equalizes air pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane. It connects the tympanic cavity with the nasopharynx.

Ear Ossicles

These are responsible for transmitting sound waves from the eardrum to the middle ear.

31
Q

Inner Ear

A

Bony Labyrinth

The bony labyrinth comprises a vestibule, three semi-circular canals, and spirally coiled cochlea. It is filled with perilymph.

Membranous labyrinth

The bony labyrinth surrounds the membranous labyrinth. It comprises sensory receptors responsible for balance and hearin

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