Biological Oceanography

Question 1

Study of Organisms that live in the ocean and their relationship to the environment

Answer 1

Biological Oceanography

Question 2

____ is an interdisciplinary science using methods of, and theories from, physics to study biological systems. It spans all scales of biological organization, from the molecular scale to whole organisms and ecosystems. ____ a branch of earth science dealing with the physical processes and phenomena occurring especially in the earth and in its vicinity. ____ is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth’s crust and its oceans. ___ is the study of the chemical substances and vital processes occurring in living organisms..

Answer 2

Biophysics
Geophysics
Biochemistry
Geochemistry

Question 3

Process of light energy changing to chemical energy
- Energy stored as sugar

Answer 3

Photosynthesis
- 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 4

Types of Photosynthetic Marine Organisms:

Answer 4

Microscopic Algae
Photosynthetic Bacteria
Macroalgae (Seaweed)
Anthophyta (Seed-Bearing Plants)

Question 5

• Extremely Small
• May be responsible for half of total photosynthetic biomass in ocean
• Not as well studied

Answer 5

Photosynthetic Bacteria

Question 6

• “seaweeds”
• Brown Algae
• Red Algae (most abundant and most widespread)
• Green Algae
• Note that group colors don’t actually reflect their real colors

Answer 6

Macroscopic Algae / Macroalgae

Question 7

• Only in shallow coastal waters
• Seagrasses
• Mangroves

Answer 7

Anthophyta

Question 8

Factors affecting productivity in the Ocean from most important:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Answer 8

1. Light
2. Nutrients
3. Temperature
4. Grazing
5. Hydrodynamics

Question 9

Major Nutrients:
1.
2.
3.

Minor Nutrients
1.
2.

Answer 9

Major Nutrients:
1. Nitrogen
2. Phosphorus
3. Silicate

Minor Nutrients
1. Iron
2. Zinc

Question 10

• Large-scale latitudinal differences
• Temporal
• ____ productivity throughout the seasons

Answer 10

Temperature, Phytoplankton

Question 11

Grazing: Types of Herbivores of the Ocean:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 11

1. Copepods
2. Fishes
3. Sea Urchins

Question 12

• Factors causing mixing (to bring nutrient rich deep waters up into the photic zone)
• Slow, upward trickle caused by diffusion at the thermocline, wind, upwelling
• A double-edged sword, as ___ also transports planktons.

Answer 12

Hydrodynamics, Mixing

Question 13

Even though upwelling areas only account for _% of the ocean surface, they are responsible for __% support for the world’s fisheries.

Answer 13

1%, 50%

Question 14

Large accumulation or “bloom” of algae

Answer 14

Harmful Algal Blooms