Biological Molecules lipids

Question 1

What is the definition of proteins

Answer 1

Polymers made up of the monomer amino acids

Question 2

What is the r group of an amino acid

Answer 2

R group is 20 different options of what could be on the carbon

Question 3

Describe how amino acids join to form a dipeptide bond

Answer 3

-condensation reaction
-water is removed
-peptide bonds form between OH of Carboxyl group and H of amine group

Question 4

What is the primary structure

Answer 4

The order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

Question 5

What is the secondary structure

Answer 5

-The sequence of amino acids causes parts of a protein molecule to bend into an alpha helix shape or folded into beta pleated sheets
-The structure is held into place by hydrogen bonds which hold the secondary structure

Question 6

What are the locations of the hydrogen bonds in the secondary structure

Answer 6

Hydrogen bonds form between the C=O group of the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the H in the amine group of another amino acid

Question 7

What is the tiertary structure 3mark

Answer 7

-the further folding of the secondary structure
- To for, a unique 3D shape
-Held in place by ionic , hydrogen and disulphide bonds

Question 8

Where is the location of the bonds in the tiertary structure and is how do disulphide bonds form

Answer 8

The ionic and disulphide bonds form between R groups of different amino acids
-Two sulfurs bonding together
-disulphide bonds only sometimes occur as there must be a sulfur in the R groups for this bond to occur

Question 9

Quaternary structure

Answer 9

A protein made up of more than one polypeptide chain

Question 10

What happens when a protein denaturing

Answer 10

-Bonds ( ionic and hydrogen ) holding the tertiary and secondary in the shape break and therefore the 3D shape is lost

Question 11

What is the importance of the primary structure

Answer 11

-The exact sequence of amino acids
-If the sequence is different it will cause the bonds to form in a different location
-this results in a different 3D shape
Impact :
Enzymes will had a different shaped active site

Question 12

What are fibrous proteins

Answer 12

Fibrous proteins are long chains. They are made up of repeated amino acid sequences that form long polypeptide chains. These chains twist together to form fibrous proteins. Fibrous proteins are water insoluble.

Question 13

What are globular proteins

Answer 13

Globular proteins are round structures. Like their name, globular proteins have a round, spherical formation. This is because the hydrophobic parts of the protein fold inwards while the hydrophilic parts become arranged around the external surface. Globular proteins are water soluble