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Biology > Biological Molecules Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

What is a monomer

A

Small unit which can create larger molecules

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2
Q

What is a polymer

A

Polymers are made from lots of monomers bonded together

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3
Q

What is the polymers of glucose

A

Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen

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4
Q

What is the polymers for amino acid and nucleotide

A

Protien
DNA RNA

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5
Q

What 3 groups can carbohydrates be classed as and what type of units are they

A

Monosaccharides (monomers)
Disaccharides (dimers)
Polysaccharide’s (polymers)

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6
Q

What are examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

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7
Q

3 examples of disaccharides

A

Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose

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8
Q

3 examples of polysaccharides

A

Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen

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9
Q

What is an isomer

A

Same molecular formula but different structure

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10
Q

How many isomers does glucose have

A

2

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11
Q

What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose

A

C1 is bonded with hydrogen at the top and hydroxyl at the bottom where beta glucose C1 is bonded with hydroxyl group at the top and hydrogen at the bottom

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12
Q

What is the formula for glucose

A

C6H12O6

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13
Q

What is the definition of disaccharides
What is a glycosidic bond

A

Made up of 2 monosaccharides

Joined by glycosidic bond which is the bond formed between two monosaccharides as a molecule of water is released

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14
Q

Glucose +glucose

A

Maltose+ water

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15
Q

Glucose +galactose

A

Lactose+water

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16
Q

Glucose+fructose

A

Sucrose + water

17
Q

What is a condensation reaction

A

Joining of two molecules by removing water when bonds are formed

18
Q

What is the reverse of condensation

A

Hydrolysis

19
Q

What does hydrolysis reaction mean

A

Splitting apart molecules through the addition of water

20
Q

What happens to the OH groups of glucose in a condensation reaction

A

It forms a disaccharide and a 1-4 (carbon 1 and carbon4 )glycosidic bond

21
Q

What happens to the OH groups in a hydrolysis reaction of glucose

A

Revere if condensation

22
Q

What is the monomers for
Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen

A

Starch -alpha glucose
Cellulose-beta glucose
Glycogen-alpha glucose

23
Q

What are the bonds between monomers of
Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen

A

Starch-(1-4 glycosidic bond in amylose) ( 1-4& 1-6 amylopectin)
Cellulose-(1-4 glycosidic bond s )
Glycogen-( 1-4& 1-6 glycosidic bonds but more than starch

24
Q

What is the function of the three polysaccharide’s

A

Starch-insoluble store of glucose
Cellulose-provide strength for cell wall in plants
Glycogen-insoluble store of glucose

25
Q

Location of the polysaccharide

A

Starch-starch grains of plant cells
Cellulose- cell wall of plant cell
Glycogen-found in muscle and liver cells

26
Q

What is the structure of starch

A

Amylose -unbranched chain of amylose coils to make a helix
Amylopectin- branched polymers made of 2 polymers

27
Q

Structure of cellulose

A

Long straight chains that lie parallel and are held together by many hydrogen bonds
This is called a fibril

28
Q

Why do hydrogen bond give strength even though they are weak

A

Large numbers provide strength

29
Q

Structure of glycogen

A

Highly branched polymers and is compact so you can store large amounts of glycogen in a small space

30
Q

Why does helix structure and branched structure of starch help it’s function

A

Helix can compact to fit alot of glucose in a small
space
Branched structure increases surface area for
rapid hydrolysis back to glucose
Insulouble -wont affect water potential
↳ wont affect osmosis
↳ cells wont bunt become turgin (in plant).

31
Q

Why does cellulose structure help its function

A

Many hydrogen bunds provide collective strength
Insulouble -wont affect water potential

32
Q

Why does glycogen structure help is function

A

Branched structure increases surfacearea for rapid hydrolysis back to glucose
Insoluble -wont affect water potential

Biology (12 decks)

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