Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is a monomer
Small unit which can create larger molecules
What is a polymer
Polymers are made from lots of monomers bonded together
What is the polymers of glucose
Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen
What is the polymers for amino acid and nucleotide
Protien
DNA RNA
What 3 groups can carbohydrates be classed as and what type of units are they
Monosaccharides (monomers)
Disaccharides (dimers)
Polysaccharide’s (polymers)
What are examples of monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
3 examples of disaccharides
Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose
3 examples of polysaccharides
Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen
What is an isomer
Same molecular formula but different structure
How many isomers does glucose have
2
What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose
C1 is bonded with hydrogen at the top and hydroxyl at the bottom where beta glucose C1 is bonded with hydroxyl group at the top and hydrogen at the bottom
What is the formula for glucose
C6H12O6
What is the definition of disaccharides
What is a glycosidic bond
Made up of 2 monosaccharides
Joined by glycosidic bond which is the bond formed between two monosaccharides as a molecule of water is released
Glucose +glucose
Maltose+ water
Glucose +galactose
Lactose+water
Glucose+fructose
Sucrose + water
What is a condensation reaction
Joining of two molecules by removing water when bonds are formed
What is the reverse of condensation
Hydrolysis
What does hydrolysis reaction mean
Splitting apart molecules through the addition of water
What happens to the OH groups of glucose in a condensation reaction
It forms a disaccharide and a 1-4 (carbon 1 and carbon4 )glycosidic bond
What happens to the OH groups in a hydrolysis reaction of glucose
Revere if condensation
What is the monomers for
Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen
Starch -alpha glucose
Cellulose-beta glucose
Glycogen-alpha glucose
What are the bonds between monomers of
Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen
Starch-(1-4 glycosidic bond in amylose) ( 1-4& 1-6 amylopectin)
Cellulose-(1-4 glycosidic bond s )
Glycogen-( 1-4& 1-6 glycosidic bonds but more than starch
What is the function of the three polysaccharide’s
Starch-insoluble store of glucose
Cellulose-provide strength for cell wall in plants
Glycogen-insoluble store of glucose
Location of the polysaccharide
Starch-starch grains of plant cells
Cellulose- cell wall of plant cell
Glycogen-found in muscle and liver cells
What is the structure of starch
Amylose -unbranched chain of amylose coils to make a helix
Amylopectin- branched polymers made of 2 polymers
Structure of cellulose
Long straight chains that lie parallel and are held together by many hydrogen bonds
This is called a fibril
Why do hydrogen bond give strength even though they are weak
Large numbers provide strength
Structure of glycogen
Highly branched polymers and is compact so you can store large amounts of glycogen in a small space
Why does helix structure and branched structure of starch help it’s function
Helix can compact to fit alot of glucose in a small
space
Branched structure increases surface area for
rapid hydrolysis back to glucose
Insulouble -wont affect water potential
↳ wont affect osmosis
↳ cells wont bunt become turgin (in plant).
Why does cellulose structure help its function
Many hydrogen bunds provide collective strength
Insulouble -wont affect water potential
Why does glycogen structure help is function
Branched structure increases surfacearea for rapid hydrolysis back to glucose
Insoluble -wont affect water potential
