Biological Molecules 3.1 Flashcards
What are mitochondria?
Oval-shapes structures which are responsible for aerobic respiration.
What are monomers?
Smaller units from which larger molecules are made.
What are polymers?
Molecules made from lots of repeating units joined together.
What is a condensation reaction?
A reaction which joins together two monomers with a covalent bond and includes the removal of a molecule of water.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
A reaction which breaks down the covalent bond between two monomers, with the use of a water molecule.
What type of reaction joins monosaccharides together?
A condensation reaction.
What are the three key types of monosaccharides?
A triose, pentose and hexose.
What are the two types of glucose?
Alpha and Beta glucose.
What are alpha and beta glucose?
Isomers.
What is meant by the term isomer?
They have the same molecular formulae but different arrangement of atoms.
What do two monosaccharides bond together to form?
A disaccharide.
What type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides?
A glycosidic bond.
What are the three key types of disaccharides?
Maltose, Sucrose and Lactose.
What two monosaccharides make up maltose?
Two glucose monosaccharides.
What two monosaccharides make up sucrose?
Glucose and Fructose.
What two monosaccharides make up Lactose?
Galactose and Glucose.
What is the role of maltose?
It is formed from the breakdown of starch in germinating seeds and it is used to provide energy for the growing embryo.
What is the role of sucrose?
It is the form in which sugars are transported in the phloem in plants.
What is the role of Lactose?
It is the sugar found in milk and is the energy source for suckling mammals.
What molecule is released during a condensation reaction between two monosaccharides?
A water molecule.
What do reducing sugars act as?
Reducing agents in chemical reactions.
What are examples of Reducing sugars?
All monosaccharides and some disaccharides.
What are examples of non-reducing sugars?
Most disaccharides and simple polysaccharides.
What are the two steps for testing for a non-reducing sugar?
- Add dilute hydrochloric acid and then neutralise with sodium hydrogencarbonate.
- Heat and observe colour change.