Biodiversity 3.4 Flashcards
What is taxonomy?
A classification system where there is hierarchy - groups are contained within larger composite groups and there is no overlap.
How many taxonomic levels are there?
Eight.
List the taxa in order.
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What is the binomial naming system?
It uses the genus and species name, the genus always starts a capital letter and if written online it is written in italics or if its handwritten it is underlined.
What is a species?
Organisms which are similar to each other but different from members of other species and can interbreeed to produce fertile offspring.
What is phylogeny?
The study of the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
How can phylogenetic relationships be shown?
Using phylogenetic trees.
What can comparing the DNA and proteins of different species help determine?
The evolutionary relationships between them.
Comaping how much ______ cause ______ can be an indicator of how closely related organisms are.
Antibodies / agglugination.
What are mean and standard deviation used for?
To see whether there is ny variation between samples and any outliers that may negatively impact the results.
What does it mean if the standard deviation is small?
There is little variation.
What does it mean if the standard deviation is large?
There is a lot of variation.
Where do error bars extend from a bar chart?
One standard deviation above and below.
What makes an ecosystem?
Communities and non living (abiotic) factors.
What is a habitat?
Where an organism lives.
What is a community?
All the populations of different species in a habitat.
What is species richness?
Measure of the number of different species in a community.
What is index of diversity?
A method to calculate biodiversity.
What does biodiversity reflect?
How well an ecosystem functions.
Why is species diversity normally low in extreme environments?
Only a few species have the necessary adapatations to survive.
How does woodland clearance impact biodiversity?
Increases the area of farmland
but reduces tree numbers and
species of trees, destroys habitats (loss of shelter and
food), leading to species death
or migration.
How do pesticides and herbicides impact biodiversity?
Pesticides kill organisms that
feed on crops and herbicides
kill unwanted weeds. Reduces
biodiversity by killing pests and
weeds, as well as reducing the
numbers of species that use
these as a food source.
How does hedgerow removal impact biodiversity?
Increases the area of farmland by turning lots of small fields into fewer larger fields. It reduces biodiversity in the same ways as woodland clearance.
How does monoculture impact biodiversity?
This is when farmers have fields
containing only one type of plant. A singe type of plant reduces biodiversity directly and will support fewer organisms (e.g. as habitat or food source) which further reduces biodiversity.
Why is it important to maintain biodiversity?
It helps maintain the environment. It provides use with new sources of food and medicines and can benefit agriculture, eg wide variety
of insects to pollinate crops.
What are some examples of conservation scheme?
Giving legal protection to endangered species
Creating SSSIs (Sites of Special Scientific Interest) and AONBs
Stewardship schemes encouraging farmers to conserve biodiversity, eg replanting hedgerows.
What is spearman rank correlation?
This is a statistical test used to work out if there is a correlation between two variables.
What is a null hypothesis?
A statement that always starts with “THERE IS NO CORRELATION BETWEEN…” or “THERE IS NO SIGNIFICANT
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN…”
