biological molecules

Question 1

the most common compounds

Answer 1

water & carbohydrates, proteins, lipids(fats) and nucleic acids (DNA&RNA)

Question 2

carbohydrates are made from

Answer 2

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 3

the chemical reaction that breaks down carbohydrates is

Answer 3

respiration

Question 4

respiration releases energy in the form of

Answer 4

ATP

Question 5

the smallest units of carbohydrates are

Answer 5

simple sugars
e.g. glucose and fructose

Question 6

glucose + fructose ->

Answer 6

sucrose (plant sugar bought from the supermarket)

Question 7

two sugar molecules ______ be joined together

Answer 7

can

Question 8

many sugar molecules (1000’s) are joined together to make

Answer 8

complex carbohydrates

Question 9

(carbohydrate) starch is used to

Answer 9

store glucose in plants

Question 10

(carbohydrate) glycogen is used to

Answer 10

store glucose in animals and fungi

Question 11

why are starch and glycogen better storage molecules

Answer 11

they are less soluble than simple sugars (less effect on water movement in&out of cells)

Question 12

fats (lipids) are made from

Answer 12

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 13

fats (lipids) are made from _ fatty acids joined to …

Answer 13

3 fatty acids joined to a glycerol molecule

Question 14

fats (lipids) can be used to store

Answer 14

energy (that can also be used in respiration)

Question 15

fats (lipids) are a part of

Answer 15

cell membranes

Question 16

fats (lipids) can be used for thermal

Answer 16

insulation

Question 17

fats (lipids) can be used for electrical

Answer 17

insulation (around nerve cells)

Question 18

fats (lipids) can help with b_______

Answer 18

buoyancy - helps marine animals to float

Question 19

proteins are made from

Answer 19

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen (N in proteiN)

Question 20

proteins are made from many _____ acids …

Answer 20

amino acids joined together

Question 21

there are __ different amino acids

Answer 21

20 - meaning millions of different protein structures

Question 22

the _____ of a protein helps it

Answer 22

shape - helps it carry out its job

Question 23

protein is used for __________ molecules e.g.

Answer 23

structural molecules
e.g. collagen and keratin

Question 24

proteins can control ________ reactions

Answer 24

chemical - (these are enzymes?)

(topic notes pg7???)

Question 25

proteins can be used for messenger

Answer 25

molecules - hormones

Question 26

proteins can combat

Answer 26

disease - antibodies

Question 27

proteins can be used for t_______ e.g.

Answer 27

transport
- haemoglobin & cell membrane proteins