Biological Molecules

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

Contain Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen. Used in respiration of plants and animals. Stored as glycogen in liver and muscle tissues.

Question 2

Carbohydrate composition

Answer 2

Monosaccharides made of one sugar (e.g. glucose and fructose). Disaccharides made of two molecules joining together (e.g. lactose and sucrose). Polysaccharides contain multiple molecules joined together (e.g. cellulose and glycogen).

Question 3

Proteins

Answer 3

Contains Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen and Nitrogen. Used in growth and repair, making cell components, making enzymes and antibodies. Kwashiorkor is caused by low protein showing weakness and poor muscle growth.

Question 4

Protein composition

Answer 4

Made of long chains of amino acids that are usually folded. Chains are held together by links. Function of protein is determined by order of amino acids.

Question 5

Lipids

Answer 5

Made of Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen. An important long term energy store, used in cell membrane production, insulates, protects organs against mechanical damage. Excess is stored as fat in adipose layer.

Question 5

Lipids composition

Answer 5

Made of glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Liquid at room temp. are oils: unsaturated fats low in cholesterol. Solid at room temp. are fats: saturated fats high in cholesterol . Cholesterol is produced in the liver.