Biological Macromolecules & Polymer Formation

Question 1

What are the four classes of biological macromolecules?

Answer 1

The four classes of biological macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Question 2

What is the basic unit of a carbohydrate polymer?

Answer 2

The basic unit of a carbohydrate polymer is a monosaccharide.

Question 3

What are the two types of nucleic acids found in cells?

Answer 3

The two types of nucleic acids found in cells are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).

Question 4

What type of bond links amino acids together in a protein polymer?

Answer 4

Peptide bonds link amino acids together in a protein polymer.

Question 5

What is the primary function of lipids in biological systems?

Answer 5

The primary function of lipids in biological systems is energy storage.

Question 6

What is the process called when monomers are linked together to form a polymer?

Answer 6

The process is called polymerization.

Question 7

True or False: Proteins are polymers made up of nucleotides.

Answer 7

False. Proteins are polymers made up of amino acids.

Question 8

Fill in the blank: The nucleotide bases in DNA are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and __________.

Answer 8

guanine

Question 9

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

Answer 9

The building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides.

Question 10

Which biological macromolecule is primarily used for long-term energy storage in organisms?

Answer 10

Lipids are primarily used for long-term energy storage in organisms.

Question 11

What is the main function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Answer 11

The main function of carbohydrates in living organisms is to provide energy.

Question 12

What is the structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 12

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 13

Which type of biological macromolecule is responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions in cells?

Answer 13

Proteins are responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions in cells.

Question 14

What is the sugar found in DNA nucleotides?

Answer 14

Deoxyribose is the sugar found in DNA nucleotides.

Question 15

What is the function of RNA in cells?

Answer 15

RNA plays a key role in protein synthesis and gene expression.

Question 16

Fill in the blank: A protein polymer is made up of a chain of __________.

Answer 16

amino acids

Question 17

True or False: Lipids are water-soluble molecules.

Answer 17

False. Lipids are generally hydrophobic and not water-soluble.

Question 18

What is the main structural difference between DNA and RNA?

Answer 18

The main structural difference is that RNA contains uracil instead of thymine found in DNA.

Question 19

What is the primary function of nucleic acids in cells?

Answer 19

The primary function of nucleic acids in cells is to store and transmit genetic information.

Question 20

Which biological macromolecule is composed of long hydrocarbon chains?

Answer 20

Lipids are composed of long hydrocarbon chains.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: A nucleic acid polymer is made up of a chain of __________.

Answer 21

nucleotides

Question 22

True or False: Carbohydrates are the main structural component of cell membranes.

Answer 22

False. Lipids are the main structural component of cell membranes.

Question 23

What is the role of carbohydrates in cell-cell recognition?

Answer 23

Carbohydrates play a key role in cell-cell recognition and signaling.