Biological - genetic theories

Question 1

Nature Vs Nurture debate

Answer 1

is crimality inherited (nature) or learnt (nurture)

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

strands of ‘condensed DNA’ finding individual genes that form characteristics

Question 3

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 3

46 / 23 pairs

Question 4

Male and female chromosomes?

Answer 4

XX=female
XY=male

Question 5

XYY theory

Answer 5

Jacobs syndrome, extra Y apprears in male chromosomes, often known as super-male disease, behaviours include temper,hyperactivity,impulsivity amd antisocal behaviour

Question 6

What did Jacob find about XYY men?

Answer 6

over represented in prisons, 15 in 1000 in prison compared to 1 in 1000 in genernal population

Question 7

XYY case study

Answer 7

John Wayne Gacy

Question 8

John Wayne Gacy

Answer 8

sexually assaulted tortured and murdered 33 men in USA, may have had XYY syndrome

Question 9

XYY evaluation: strengths

Answer 9

• tangible scientific evidence with research and studies to support

Question 10

XYY evaluation: limitations

Answer 10

• characteristics often subtle and do not always suggest serious disorded
• males often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed which reduces sample size accessible
• misconceptions about behaviours resulting from the disease

Question 11

Twin studies

Answer 11

look at concordence rates for twins and crime

Question 12

Dizygotic twins

Answer 12

seprate eggs sharing 50% DNA (fraternal/non-identical)

Question 13

Monozygotic twins

Answer 13

one egg sharing 100% DNA (identical twins)

Question 14

Concordance rates

Answer 14

percentage that if one twin has a characteristic the other will have it too

Question 15

Johannes Lange 1929

Answer 15

investigated 13 MZ twins and 17 DZ

Question 16

Lange results

Answer 16

10/13 MZ pairs have both served time in prison only 2 of DZ twins did

Question 17

Christensen

Answer 17

analysed pairs of twins to determine whether criminal tendencies might be inherited

Question 18

Christensen procedure

Answer 18

investigated 3586 twins between 1881 and 1910

Question 19

Christensen results

Answer 19

52% concordance rates between MZ and crime and 22% in DZ

Question 20

Twin studies evaluation: strengths

Answer 20

• give support to genetic explainations

Question 21

Twin studies evaluation: weaknesses

Answer 21

• should show 100% concordance to conclude genetic factors are involved
• higher rates for MZ could be due to them sharing same home environment which could influence