Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Developmental Psychology > Biological Foundations > Flashcards

Biological Foundations Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

phenotypes

A

directly observable characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

genotypes

A

complex blend of genetic information that determines our species and influences all our unique characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chromosomes

A

rodlike structures which store and transmit genetic information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

DNA

A

long double-stranded molecule that looks like a twisted ladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gene

A

segment of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mitosis

A

unique feature of DNA that it can duplicate itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gametes

A

sex cells–the sperm and ovum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

meiosis

A

forms gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

zygote

A

when sperm and ovum unite at fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

crossing over

A

chromosomes next to each other break at one or more points along their length and exchange segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

autosomes

A

not sex chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

identical / monozygotic twins

A

identical genetic makeup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

fraternal / dizygotic twins

A

most common type of multiple birth from the release and fertilization of two ova

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

allele

A

each form of a gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

homozygous

A

alleles from both parents are alike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

heterozygous

A

alleles differ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

dominant-recessive inheritance

A

only one allele affects the child’s characteristics (dominant vs recessive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

carriers

A

children that have just one recessive allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

modifier genes

A

enhance or dilute effects of other genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

incomplete dominance

A

pattern of inheritance in which both alleles are expressed in the phenotype–combined trait or intermediate between the two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

X-linked inheritance

A

males are more likely to be affected because their sex chromosomes do not match

22
Q

genetic imprinting

A

alleles are imprinted, chemically marked, so that one pair member is activated regardless of makeup

23
Q

mutation

A

sudden but permanent change in a segment of DNA

24
Q

polygenic inheritance

A

many genes determine the characteristic in question

25
Q

genetic counselling

A

communication process designed to help couples assess their chances of giving brith to a baby with a hereditary disorder and choose the best course of action in view of risks and family goals

26
Q

prenatal diagnostic methods

A

medical procedures that permit detection of developmental problems before birth

27
Q

amnion

A

membrane that encolses the developing organism in amniotic fluid which helps keep the temperature of the prenatal world constant and provides a cushion against any jolts caused by the woman’s movement

28
Q

chorion

A

protective membrane which surrounds the amnion

29
Q

placenta

A

permits food and oxygen to reach the developing organism and waste products to be carried away

30
Q

umbilical cord

A

contains one large vein that delivers blood loaded with nutrients and two arteries that remove waste products

31
Q

embryo

A

most rapid prenatal changes take place

32
Q

fetus

A

longest prenatal period of “growth and finishing”

33
Q

vernix

A

protects skin from chapping during long months spent in amniotic fluid

34
Q

lanugo

A

covers entire body to help vernix stick to skin

35
Q

age of viability

A

baby can survive

36
Q

teratogen

A

environmental agent that causes damage during hte prenatal period

37
Q

fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

A

physical, mental and behavioral outcomes caused by prenatal alcohol exposure

38
Q

Apgar scale

A

assesses baby’s physical condition

39
Q

natural or prepared childbirth

A

group of techniques aimed at reducing pain or medical intervention and making childbirth as rewarding an experience as possible

40
Q

breech position

A

turned in such a way that the buttocks or feet would be delivered first

41
Q

RH factor incompatibility

A

when mother is Rh negative and father is Rh positive, baby may inherit father’s –> formation of antibodies to the foreign protein

42
Q

preterm infants

A

born several weeks before due date

43
Q

small for date infants

A

below their expected weight considering length of the pregnancy

44
Q

behavioral genetics

A

field devoted to uncovering the contributions of nature and nurture to the diversity of human traits and abilities

45
Q

heritability estimates

A

measure the extent to which individual differences in complex traits in a specific population are due to genetic factors

46
Q

kinship studies

A

compare the characteristics of family members

47
Q

gene-envrionment interaction

A

because of genetic makeup, idnviduals differ in their responsiveness to qualities of the environment

48
Q

canalization

A

tendency of heredity to restrict the development of some chracteristics to just one or a few outcomes

49
Q

gene-environment correlation

A

our genes influence the envrionments to which are exposed

50
Q

niche-picking

A

tendency to actively choose environments that complement our heredity

51
Q

epigenesis

A

development resulting from ongoing bidirectional exchanges between heredity and all levels of the environment

Developmental Psychology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions