BIOLOGICAL EXP OF SZ

Question 1

what is biological explanation of sz?

Answer 1

genetic vulnerability to sz, role of neurotransmitters, dopamine and neural correlates of sz

Question 2

genetic basis of sz looks at..

Answer 2

sz runs in families

candidate genes

Question 3

sz runs in families

Answer 3

family share similar env so weak argument
strong relationship between degree of genetic similarity/shared risk of sz
Gottesman - identical twins 48%, children 13% and parents and half-siblings 6% risk of developing in relation

Question 4

candidate genes

Answer 4

sz is polygenic

Ripke et al - 37k patients with over 100k controls found 108 gen variations associated w/ inc risk of sz

Question 5

dopamine hypothesis looks at

Answer 5

neurotransmitters
hyperdopaminergia in subcortex
hypodopaminergia in cortex

Question 6

where is hyperdopaminergia?

Answer 6

sub cortex

Question 7

where is hypodopaminergia?

Answer 7

cortex

Question 8

what neurotransmitter is associated with sz?

Answer 8

dopamine which is important in systems implicated in sz

Question 9

what is hyperdopaminergia in subcortex?

Answer 9

og hypothesis looked at high levels of dopamine leading to poverty of speech/exp of auditory hallucinations

Question 10

what is hypodopaminergia in cortex?

Answer 10

Goldman-Rakic et al found low level dopamine in pre-frontal cortex in charge of decision making for - symptoms

Question 10

what is a neural correlate?

Answer 10

measurements of func of brain that correlate w/ experience

Question 11

neural correlate of - symptoms

Answer 11

ventral straitum involving loss of motivation

Juckel et al - sz patients have low activity of VS in - symptoms

Question 12

neural correlates for + symptoms

Answer 12

superior temporal gyrus and anterior cingulate gyrus
Allen et al = brain scan ppts with auditory hallucinations with record of own voice, low activation levels in sz group and made more errors in recog own voice