Biological Development in Adolescence

Question 1

The adolescence age.

Answer 1

11/12 to early 20s.

Question 2

Puberty is marked by sudden enlargement of “?” and development of “?” characteristics.

Answer 2

reproductive organs/sexual genitalia

secondary sex characteristics

Question 3

Puberty begins girls/boys

Answer 3

9 and 12 for girls

11 and 14 for boys

Question 4

Full height is reached at age of

Answer 4

16 for girls

18 to 20 for boys

Question 5

Testosterone directly affects growth of ?

Answer 5

penis
facial hair
brain
cartilage in the shoulder

Question 6

Estrogen and Progesterone affect

Answer 6

uterus and vagina

Question 7

The tendency toward increasing size and earlier achievement of sexual maturity is

Answer 7

Secular trend

Question 8

”?” characteristics are those directly related to the sex organs and reproduction.

Answer 8

Primary sex characteristics

Question 9

”?” are traits that distinguish the genders from each other but play no direct role in reproduction.

Answer 9

Secondary sex characteristics

ex. menstruation, hair, breasts, skin changes

Question 10

The US average age of Menarche (first period)

Answer 10

12.5 years

Question 11

4 factors that cause more depression in girls than boys during adolescence

Answer 11

Estrogen cycle (linked to mood change)
Critical of their bodies
Blame themselves than others
More sensitive to problems of family/friends

Question 12

Early maturation in boys - positive findings

Answer 12

More popular, school leaders
Higher self esteem
sports ability 
relaxed
good-natured

Question 13

Early maturation in boys - negative findings

Answer 13

Greater chance of aggression and delinquency

Use of drugs and alcohol

Question 14

Late maturation in boys - negative findings

Answer 14

Lower self esteem

More adjustment problems.

Question 15

Early maturation in girls - negative findings

Answer 15

More likely to smoke, drink, engage in sexual activity

Have eating disorders and other mental illnesses

Question 16

Alcohol usage: ?% of high school seniors, ?% of 10th graders, and more than ?% of 8th graders have drunk alcohol.

Answer 16

45% seniors
40% 10th graders
17% 8th graders

Question 17

?% of high school graduates smoke
?%% drink alcohol heavily
?% of young adults use other substances, cocaine, ecstasy, inhalants or heroin.

Answer 17

17% of high school graduates smoke
28% drink alcohol heavily
20% of young adults use other substances, cocaine, ecstasy, inhalants or heroin.

Question 18

4 categories of risks for alcohol/substance abuse

Answer 18

Environmental factors
Peer pressure
Parental factors
Personal characters (ex. poor coping skills)

Question 19

Environmental factors (alcohol risks) 5 examples

Answer 19

Poverty
Inadequate education
High unemployment
Lack of positive role models
Absence of opportunity

Question 20

Parental factors (alcohol risks)

Answer 20

Lack of involvement
Failure to monitor
Appear not to care
Don’t provide support or direction
Parents’ use of substance
Severe, inconsistent discipline

Question 21

Personal characteristics (alcohol risks)

Answer 21

Poor coping abilities
Relationship problems
Achievement at school issues
Desire for excitement
Desire for self-gratification

Question 22

Tobacco use risk factors

Answer 22

Lack of parental attention
Peer pressure
Disinterest in school

Question 23

Sexual activity:

?% of male/female who have had sexual intercourse by age 15 and age 19.

Answer 23

25% boys/26 % girls at age 15.

69% boys / 77% girls at age 19.

Question 24

Race and sex: which minority groups more likely to have sex earlier? (due to poverty)

Answer 24

-African Americans (15.6) and Hispanics have sex at earlier ages than Whites and Asian youth.

Question 25

Perception of one’s “?” image and “?” is related to adolescents’ level of self-esteem, especially for girls.

Answer 25

body image and attractiveness

Question 26

In one year, “?” teenagers or about “?” % of young women under age 20 become pregnant in the US.

Answer 26

750,000/ 7%

Question 27

”?” % of children born to teenage mothers are placed for adoption.

Answer 27

5

Question 28

Factors that contribute to a person more likely to become a teen father

Answer 28

being in an inner city
doing poorly in school
being poor
being involved in delinquent acts