Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Adolescence > Biological Changes > Flashcards

Biological Changes Flashcards

Puberty and somatic development

1
Q

When children are younger, how are their bodies similar to one another?

A

Childrens bodies have yet to develop and go through the process of puberty; Which, in turn, both female and male bodies are remarkably similar and harder to distinguish from one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What major changes do yound adolescences experience during puberty? Be vague

A

During puberty, children develop in the direction of becoming sexually mature adults. The organs mature and become functional.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are secondary sex charactertistics?

A

Girls and Boys develop a variety of physical characteristics that mark adult females and males. These are called secondary sex characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Other than the individual themself; who observes adolescence going through puberty?

A

Parents or Gaurdians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the major changes; physical and biological, in early adolescences for females?

A

Breasts bud, pubic hair, development, growth spurt starts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the major changes; physical and biological, in early adolescences for males?

A

Testicular enlargement, start of genital growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the major changes; physical and biological, in middle adolescences for females?

A

Menarche (start of menstruation), end of growth spurt, fat deposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the major changes; physical and biological, in middle adolescences for males?

A

spermarche (ability to produce sperm), nocturnal emissions, deeper voice, start of growth spurt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the major changes; physical and biological, in late adolescences for females?

is it a trick question?

A

It was a trick question! theres none

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the major changes; physical and biological, in late adolescences for males?

A

Increase in muscle and body hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the definiton of puberty? Where did the word puberty originate?

A

Puberty: Period that secual reproduction emerges
Pubertas: pubescere = to grow hairy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What occurs within the edocrine system during the start of puberty? when do the hormones emerge? Is there any new systems or hormones developing?

A
  • Endocrine system = physical changes
  • No new hormones or systems are produced or developed during puberty
  • Adrenal glands develop at 6yrs old and produce DHEA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is DHEA and how does it affect puberty? when does it develop?

A
  • Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a hormone that your body naturally produces in the adrenal gland that develops when your 6yrs old. DHEA helps produce other hormones including testosterone and estrogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 key changes in puberty?

A

Rapid Growth- Changes in height & weight
Primary sex characteristics- Hormonal Changes
Secondary sex characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are the 3 key changes in puberty initiated?

A

Initiated by the endocrine and central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Endocrine system made up of?

A

Glands: Organs
Hormones: Substances
GnRH: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is GnRH, where is it located, what does it control?

A

GnRH is a hormone located in the brain and controls reproductive hormones through the endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the Hypothalamus? Where is it located? What does it activate?

A
  • An area of the brain that controls hormones for body temp, heart rate, hunger, and more notably mood
  • Located under the cortex
  • Activiates GnRH Neurons and the Pituitary
19
Q

What occurs when there is an obstruction in the Hypothalamus?

A
  • It can cause mood disorders, obesity, thyroid problelms.
20
Q

What is Adrenarche? Where does it take place?

A
  • Maturation of the adrenals
  • Pituitary
21
Q

What is Adrenocorticotropic Hormone? Where is it found? How does it affect cortisol levels in the body?

A
  • Hormone produced by the Pituitary
  • If there are high levels of ACTH in the body, it triggers the adrenal to create cortisol, which in turn creates stress
22
Q

What is the purpose of LH and FSH? Where are these hormones produced?

A
  • Hormones that work together in order to control sexual development and reproduction
  • Foudn in the pituitary
23
Q

Where are estrogens and androgens found in the body? What system are they controlled by?

A
  • Gonads
  • Controlled by the pituitary
24
Q

What is the purpose of Estrodiol and Testosterone?

A
  • Bodily CHanges
  • Secondary Sx characteristics
25
Q

How does the amount of estradiol change when adolescents transition into adulthood?

A
  • 8x higher in adult females than in girls
  • 2x higher in adult men than in boys
26
Q

How does the amount of Testosterone change when adolescents transition into adulthood?

A
  • 20x higher in adult men than in boys
  • 4x higher in adult females than in girls
27
Q

What is the process of the hypothalamus, GnRH neurons to the pituitary?

A

From the hypothalmus, GnRH neurons will be produced and released every two hours from mid childhood, which in turn, signals the pituitary to release Gonadotropin hormones

28
Q

What sets of the hypothalamus in order to achieve the start of puberty?

Body fat?

A

A 23% increase in body fat is necessary for puberty to occur

29
Q

After achieving the necessary body weight increase for puberty, what occurs with the hormones?

A

When a certian amount of body fat is achieved, the brain in turn pumps levels of GnRH with a speed of every 2 hours.

30
Q

What is the hormone feedback loop?

A

Optimal quantity of different hormones each organ should have in order ot work
- HFL is a thermostat of when the brain pumps the hormones

31
Q

WHat is the order of the hormone feedback loop?

A

Hypothalamus - pituitary - Gonads (androgens and estrogens) to secondary sex characteristics

32
Q

What is the role of leptin in the onset of puberty?

A

Leptin stimulates the production of kisspeptin, which triggers puberty

33
Q

Th earliest phase of puberty, which begins before any outward physical changes is known as?

A

Andrenarche

34
Q

What are the three main identifiers for somatic development? (3 processes of a growth spurt)

A
  • growth spurt
  • Peak height velocity
  • Epiphysis
35
Q

What is Epiphysis

A

Closing of the ends of the bones

36
Q

What are the primary sex characteristics of males

A
  • Penis & testes grow
  • spermarche in boys (12 yrs old)
37
Q

What are primary sex characteristics for females?

A
  • Sex organs, ovaries, uterus & vagina grow
  • Menarche
38
Q

How long after girls do boys go through puberty?

A

two years

39
Q

What ages do boys and girls go through puberty, developing their primary sex characteristics?

A

Boys: 9-14
Girls: 7-14

40
Q

What are secondary sex characteristics in males?

A
  • Hair growth
  • Sweat Glands
  • Rougher skin
41
Q

What are the secondary sex characteristics girls develop?

A
  • Above three plus enlargment of breasts
42
Q

Who has a headstart in somatic development

A

Girls have a headstart but boys do catch up around age 15

43
Q

What is the sequence of characteristics developed during puberty for girls?

A
  1. Growth of breasts
  2. Growth of pubic hair
  3. body growth
  4. menarche
  5. Underarm hair
  6. Oil - and sweat- producing glands
44
Q

What is the sequence of characteristics developed during puberty for boys?

A
  1. Growth of testes
  2. growth of pubic hair
  3. body growth
  4. growth of penis
  5. change in voice (growth of larnyx)
  6. Facial and underarm hair
  7. Oil -and sweat- producing glands, acne

Adolescence (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions