Biological Approach Flashcards
Biological Approach
A perspective that emphasises the importance of physical processes in the body.
Assumptions of Biological Approach
Suggests that everything psychological is at first biological so to fully understand human behaviour, we must look to biological structures and processes within the body. The mind and the brain are the same thing. Can use animal research to explain human behaviour.
Genes
They make up chromosomes and consist of DNA which codes the physical features of an organism and psychological features. Genes are transmitted from parents to offspring.
Biological Structure
An arrangement or organisation of parts to form an organ, system or living thing.
Neurochemistry
Relating to chemicals in the brain that regulate psychological functioning.
Genotype
The particular set of genes that a person possesses.
Phenotype
The characteristics of an individual determined by both genes and the environment.
Evolution
The changes in inherited characteristics in a biological population over successive generations.
Neurotransmitter
Brain chemicals released from synaptic vesicles that relay signals across the synapse from one neuron to another. Can be excitatory or inhibitory.
Hormones
Chemical substances that circulate in the bloodstream and only affect target organs. They are produced in large quantities but disappear quickly. Have a powerful effect.
Monozygotic Twins
Identical twins.
Dizygotic Twins
Non-identical twins.
Natural Selection
The major process that explains evolution whereby inherited traits that enhance an animal’s reproductive success are passed on but animals without such traits are less successful at reproduction and their traits are not selected.
Sexual Selection
Explains how evolution is driven by competition for mates, and the development of characteristics that ensure reproductive success.
