Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Daniella IB HL psych > biological > Flashcards

biological Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

rogers
(2011)
serotonin: aim

A
  • investigate the role that serotonin plays in perceiving emotional intimacy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

rogers
(2011)
serotonin: procedure

A
  • participants were 40 healthy male adults
  • half the participants received a drink with tryptophan in it which increases levels of serotonin and the other half had a drink without it
  • after participants were given photos of couples and asked to rate how “intimate” and “romantic” the couples seemed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

rogers
(2011)
serotonin: results

A
  • participants with lower serotonin (did not have tryptophan) rated the couples less intimate and romantic than the other group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

rogers
(2011)
serotonin: conclusion

A
  • serotonin plays a role in how humans judge the closeness of people’s relationships
  • possible implications of depression as they perceive their relationships as less than they are
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

rogers
(2011)
serotonin: evaluation

A
  • casual relationship between the levels of serotonin and ratings of relationships
  • rating closeness is not something people would do in real life, low ecological validity
  • only in one culture (british) findings should be replicated on a bigger scale
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

albert
(1986)
testosterone: aim

A
  • investigate how testosterone influences aggression in “alpha male” rats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

albert
(1986)
testosterone: procedure

A
  • rats were placed in cages and the alpha males were identified by observation
  • alpha males randomly assigned to one of 4 conditions
  • A castration
  • B castration followed by implanting tubes of testosterone
  • C castration followed by implanting empty tubes
  • D “fake” operation where rats were cut open and sewn up again with no change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

albert
(1986)
testosterone: results

A
  • A and C rats whose testosterone levels were diminished displayed less aggression
  • B and D rats testosterone levels remained the same so there was no change in behaviour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

albert
(1986)
testosterone: conclusion

A
  • testosterone plays an important role in aggression and status seeking
  • higher testosterone = higher levels of aggression and dominance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

albert
(1986)
testosterone: evaluation

A
  • carefully controlled extraneous variables in a lab, causal relationship between IV (testosterone levels) and DV (aggression and status)
  • rats may not be generalizable to humans
  • permanent surgery on rats, ethical?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

dabbs
(1995)
testosterone crimes: aim

A
  • investigate the relationship between testosterone and criminality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dabbs
(1995)
testosterone crimes: procedure

A
  • testosterone levels were measured by saliva samples from 692 male prisoners
  • prisoners criminal records analysed for violent and non violent crimes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dabbs
(1995)
testosterone crimes: results

A
  • prisoners with higher testosterone levels, more likely to commit violent crimes (rape, murder, assault)
  • prisoners with lower testosterone levels, non violent crimes (credit card fraud etc)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

dabbs
(1995)
testosterone crimes: conclusion

A
  • testosterone is seemingly linked to violent criminal acts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

dabbs
(1995)
testosterone crimes: evaluation

A
  • correlational study as no variables were manipulated
  • can’t be sure testosterone was the cause of people being more violent
  • lots of extraneous variables
  • strength is large sample size
  • only conducted on males so not generalizable to women
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

savic et al
(2009)
human pheromones scan: aim

A
  • investigate whether human pheromones exist and how they impact our brains
17
Q

savic et al
(2009)
human pheromones scan: procedure

A
  • researchers exposed participants (24 men and women) to the smell of two chemicals
  • chemicals were almost identically to naturally produced sex hormones, testosterone and estrogen
  • as participants smelled the chemicals their brains were scanned with a PET machine
18
Q

savic et al
(2009)
human pheromones scan: results

A
  • hypothalamus became activated in men when they smelled the female hormone and in women when they smelled the male hormone
  • hypothalamus is linked to sexual behaviour and not normally activated by other smells
19
Q

savic et al
(2009)
human pheromones scan: conclusion

A
  • suggests sex pheromones exist in humans and they influence sexual behaviour
20
Q

savic et al
(2009)
human pheromones scan: evaluation

A
  • well controlled lab experiment showing a causal relationship between the chemicals (IV) and activity in the hypothalamus (DV)
  • small number of participants, needs to be replicated to confirm
  • measured changes in brain activity not actual behaviour
  • would these people act on the brain activity? unknown
21
Q

zhou
sex pheromones: aim

A
  • investigate how sex pheromones (chemicals) can alter perception
22
Q

zhou
sex pheromones: procedure

A
  • involved 4 groups of people
    straight men, straight women
    gay men, gay women
  • participants were shown a shape made out of light dots that appeared to be walking
  • the gender of the shape was androgynous but participants had to say whether or not they thought the shape was male or female
  • during this the scent of either a male or female pheromone was released in the air
  • male sweat, female urine
23
Q

zhou
sex pheromones: results

A
  • participants responded to the pheromones of the gender they were attracted too
  • when straight women/gay men smelled the male pheromone, they were more likely to view the figure walking as male vice versa
24
Q

zhou
sex pheromones: evaluation

A
  • well controlled lab experiment, casual relationship between IV and DV
  • low ecological validity
  • pheromones came from areas that people wouldn’t normally be exposed too
  • not sure how it would impact real world behaviour or if it even would have an effect
25
Q

francis et al
(2003)
genes and environment: aim

A
  • investigate how the interaction between genes and the environment impacts how rats nurture their offspring
26
Q

francis et al
(2003)
genes and environment: procedure

A
  • mothers separated into groups of either high licking or low licking
  • licking in rats is a sign of care and affection
  • after 12 hours of being born rats with high licking mothers were switched to rats with low licking mothers and vice versa
27
Q

francis et al
(2003)
genes and environment: findings

A
  • rats raised by high licking mothers were less stressed and grew up to be high licking mothers too even if their biological mother was a low licker
  • lost the methyl groups around high licking causing that gene to be turned on
28
Q

francis et al
(2003)
genes and environment: conclusion

A
  • being in a loving environment impacts genes
  • those epigenetic changed genes are passed on to the next generation
29
Q

francis et al
(2003)
genes and environment: evaluation

A
  • well controlled experiment
  • use of animals is less unethical, switching human babies in real life?
  • easier to study across generations due to rats and not humans
  • done on rats so not sure generalizable to humans
30
Q

Gottesman and Goldsmith
(1994)
twin crimes: procedure

A
  • studied 85 sets of young twins
  • looked at criminal conviction records
31
Q

Gottesman and Goldsmith
(1994)
twin crimes: results

A
  • the concordance rate of juvenile delinquency in MZ twins was 0.91 (91%)
  • when compared to 0.73 (73%) for DZ twins.
  • if one identical twin broke the law, there was a 91% chance the other twin had
  • For DZ twins, this dropped to 73%.
32
Q

Gottesman and Goldsmith
(1994)
twin crimes: conclusion

A
  • suggests genetics is a factor, if behaviour was because of environmental factors, we would expect closer or identical rates of concordance between MZ and DZ twins.
  • they’re higher for MZ twins, we know genetics is a factor but since it’s not 100% for MZ twins, it’s not the only factor.
33
Q

Gottesman and Goldsmith
(1994)
twin crimes: evaluation

A
  • high ecological validity
  • shows nature has a role in criminal activity
  • can’t be sure of the environment they grew up in

Daniella IB HL psych (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions