Biolab 3: Leaves

Question 1

chlorenchyma

Answer 1

cells iwth chlorophlats

Question 2

epidermis

Answer 2

protective layers on both teh top and bottom, also allows the passage of carbon dioxide and oxygen

Question 3

mesomorphic leaf

Answer 3

requring moderate amounts of water regularly through the growing season

Question 4

top of the leaf

Answer 4

upper epidermis

Question 5

lower epidermis

Answer 5

bottom layer

Question 6

all the cells middle of the leaf

Answer 6

mesophyll

Question 7

upper epidermis

Answer 7

wraps around the leaf and is continous with the lower epidermis , packed cells that prevent excessive water loss and provide mechanical support

Question 8

cuticle

Answer 8

outer walls of the cells are covered by waxy layer

Question 9

chlorenchyma

Answer 9

tissue composed of thin walled parenchyma cells congaing abundant chloroplats

Question 10

palisade parenchyma

Answer 10

layer of evenly spaced cylindrical cells whose long axes are at right angle to the upper epidermis

Question 11

spongy parenchyma

Answer 11

makes up the lower portion of mesophyll, irregularly shaped cells with large air spaces

Question 12

stomata

Answer 12

large air spaces in parenchyma allow for rapid easy flow of co2 and o2 and water vapour, occur all over the lower epidermis and control the passage of gases

Question 13

veins

Answer 13

cylindrical strands of vascular tissue and occur mainly in the mesophyll

Question 14

xylem cells

Answer 14

in vein are thick, red stained walls and absence of cell contents, they bring water into mesophyll

Question 15

phloem cells

Answer 15

much less distinct they ar ethin walled, smaller diameter

Question 16

bundle sheath cells

Answer 16

ring of large parenchyma cells that encircle and may radiate out from the veins

Question 17

sclerenchyma

Answer 17

in large veins, they are part of the sheath

Question 18

guard cells

Answer 18

sausage shaped cells that control the passage of gases in and out of the leaf

Question 19

compact mesophyll

Answer 19

grass crops, weeds maximizes conduction betweent he cells and also minimizes any possiblilty if drying , found in high effiecency leaves

Question 20

big sheath cells

Answer 20

round veins actively accumulate starch in specialized chloroplats

Question 21

bulliform cells

Answer 21

bubble like cells , that have thin walls and occur in the epidermis, in hot weather, they lose water and they shrivel causing the leaf to roll or fold up

Question 22

xeromorphic leaf

Answer 22

desgined so that its water losses are minimized, they are plants that grow in dry places or in desert
they have thick cuticle, sunken stomata, epdiermal cells with thick walls

Question 23

hydromorphic leaf

Answer 23

found in plants that grow either in submered in water of with their roots continually in wet soil and their leaves floating on the surface

Question 24

high efficiency leaf

Answer 24

more compact mesophyll of the leaves of these grass crops maximizes conduction between cthe cells and also minimizes any possibilities of drying

• numerous veins provide each cell with more direct access two water
• big sheath cells around veins actively accumulate starch in specialized chloroplats and their close contact wtih eveins aids in rapid removal of the photosynthate and this results in higher rates of photosynthesis, which results in greater yield and more vigorous growth
• also have bulliform cells, which when very hot, water losses from leaf are high, these cells lose water, and as a result they shrivel causing the leaf to roll or fold up