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Biology 1507 > Biolab 10: Histology II > Flashcards

Biolab 10: Histology II Flashcards

1
Q

connective tissue

A

the function of connective tissue is ot bind and support other tissues

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2
Q

major types of connective tissue in the body

A 
adipose tissue
fibrous tissue
cartilage 
bone
blood
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3
Q

adipose tissue

A

is specialized type of loose connective tisue, which pads organs insulates the body and stores fule molecule (fat)

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4
Q

fibrous connective tissue

A

section of tendons, which join muscle to bone -tendons have been trated in such a fashion that the fibers are teased apart, strength is a quality of the tissue

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5
Q

cartilaginous tissue

A

supporting tissue makes up the framework of certain organs covers the articulating surfaces of bone and makes up large part of fetal skeletons of vertebrates

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6
Q

three types of cartilage

A

hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

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7
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

found on the articulating srfaces of most bones and th ec-rings of the trachea

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8
Q

elastic cartilage

A

found in the epiglottis, the external ear and the Eustachian tube of the ear

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9
Q

fibrocartilage

A

found in the intervertebral disks

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10
Q

chondrocytes

A

cartilage cell that sit in small spaces called lacunae

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11
Q

bone tissue

A

the repeating units called Haversian systems or osteons

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12
Q

havrsian canal

A

that encloses the blood vessels and nerves which service the bone cells

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13
Q

osteocytes

A

bone cell that are living cells which lie in small spaces called lacunae, which are arranged in concentric rings aorund the haversian canal

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14
Q

blood

A

celluar components are the blood cells and the nonliving matrix is the fluid portion of the blood known as plasma</p><p style="text-align: center;"> - general function of blood is ot transport materials form place to place in the animals body</p>

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15
Q

blood cells broken down into three groups

A

erythocytes, leukocytes,platelets or thrombocytes

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16
Q

erythrocytes

A
  • are red blood cells, contain hemoglobin, that binds oxygen
  • most abundant cells in blood
  • biconcave disk shape with a plae center and no nucleus
17
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells

  • general function in fighting infection and can be recognized by the presence of a large blue-purple stained nucleus
  • can be subdivided into two groups, granulocytes and agranulocytes
  • granulocytes have strongly staining granules as agranulocytes do not
18
Q

neutrophils

A

make up 60-70%
nulculus generally has three to give segments
- the cytoplasmic granules stain a faint lavender color
- they destory small particles by phagocytosis, their umbers increase hwen there is a localized infection in the body and tend to decreased under conditions such as tyhpoid fever and influenza

19
Q

eosinophils

A

make up 2-4% of leukocytes

  • nucleus has 2 segments
  • large granule stain a red orange color due to their strong affinity to the red stain, eosin, hence, and name eosino
  • eosinophils attack parasites and inactivate inflammation producing substances
  • an increase in the # of eosinohils is sexpected under allergic ocnditions and parastiic worm invasions
20
Q

basophils

A

make up 0.5-1% of leukocytes

  • they are very rare
  • nucleus has 3 segmetns
  • large granules stain a dark blue-purple due to their affinity to the basic stain
  • thought to release anticoagulants and histamines
21
Q

agranulocytes

A

do not contain granules

- two types lymphocytes and monocytes

22
Q

lymphocytes

A

make up 20-25% of leukocytes

  • small cell with a large round blue-purple nucleus that takes up most intracellular space
  • small rim of blue cytoplasm is usually observed around nucleus
  • function in the immune system, # increase when there is a viral infection
23
Q

monocytes

A

make up 3-8%

  • largest of all blood cells
  • nucleus tends to be very large and can vary in shape from round to lobed
  • cytoplasm stianed light blue
24
Q

platelets

A

known as thrombocytes

  • smallest of cellular components of blood
  • non-nucleated cytoplasmic fragments of larger parent cells found in the bone barrow
  • vital role in initating the clotting process
25
Q

muscular tissue

A

three types

  1. skeletal muscle
  2. smooth muscle
  3. cardiac muscle
26
Q

skeletal muscle

A

also known as striated muscle, generally associated with volutnary or reflex movement of the skeleton
- usually of short duration, and can be very rapid

27
Q

smooth muscle

A

known as visceral muscle

  • typically found in blood vessels , the digestive sytem, the lungs, the urogenital system and attached to hair follicles
  • slow acting, capable of sustained contraction
  • smooth muscle, under involuntary control
28
Q

cardiac muscle

A

heart muscle

  • faint striations,
  • cardiac muscle has mixture of smooth and skeleton muscles
  • unique feature in that its fibers are branched and interconnected, allowing a faster nervous impluse through the heart
  • each mucle cell contains only one centrally located nucleus
29
Q

intercalated discs

A

junction between 2 cardiac muscle cells show up as stronger colored badns perpendicular to the muscle fibers

30
Q

nervous

A

specialized in receiving information from the external and internal milieu

  • functional unit of nervous tissue is known as the neuron
  • the neuron is specialized in the conduction of impulses, it is composed of cell body and two types of processes: axons and dendrites
31
Q

dendrites

A

cell extensions that conduct impulses twoard the cell body , the number of dendites on a nerve cell body can vary from none to several

32
Q

axons

A

conduct impulses away from the certain nerve cells are enclosed in an insulating layer called the myelin sheath

33
Q

myelin sheath

A

increases the speed of nervous impluses, formed by schwann cells that grown in a ciruclar fashion around the axon , increasing the insulation capacity of the nerve</p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p>

34
Q

nodes of Ranvier

A

the junction between schwann cells

Biology 1507 (10 decks)

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