BIOL1A - plant adapt 1

Question 1

Describe photosynthesis

Answer 1

the ability to convert sunlight + CO2 + H2O + ions -> CHO, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids

Question 2

What was marine life like in the Cambrian period?

Answer 2

the primary producers were algae. Also, water helped plant orientation and structure. Nutrients were readily available to plants because plants were surrounded by water.

Question 3

Why would it be advantageous for plants to move onto land?

Answer 3

Fewer predators (herbivores) and pathogens, more exposure to sunlight and CO2

Question 4

Why would it be disadvantageous for plants to move onto land?

Answer 4

Limited access to water, challenges with structural support and reproduction

Question 5

What structures are similar/different in algae and plants?

Answer 5

holdfast/root system; stipe/stem; blade/shoot system

Question 6

What functions do roots serve plants?

Answer 6

anchoring plant to substrate; water and nutrient absorption

Question 7

Name two root structures.

Answer 7

tap root and fibrous root.

Question 8

What type of plant exhibits tap root structures?

Answer 8

eudicots

Question 9

What type of plant exhibits fibrous root structures?

Answer 9

monocots

Question 10

Why is a tap root advantageous compared to fibrous roots?

Answer 10

stores nutrients, water, and sugar/starch; anchors plant.

Question 11

Why is a fibrous root advantageous compared to a tap root?

Answer 11

more surface area to access water; heightened ability to compete with other neighboring plants.

Question 12

Name all 6 external structures of the shoot system.

Answer 12

stem, node, internode, axillary bud (petiole), apical bud, leaf.

Question 13

When looking at a cross section of a eudicot and monocot stem, what are the differences in vascular bundles?

Answer 13

vascular bundles are organized along the epidermis (ring) in eudicots; vascular bundles are scattered randomly throughout monocot stems

Question 14

Name all 6 internal leaf structures of the leaf.

Answer 14

cuticle, epidermis, mesophyll, vascular bundle, pore, guard cells, stoma.

Question 15

What are the 4 types of leaf arrangements?

Answer 15

whorled, opposite, alternate , rosette.

Question 16

What leaf venation determines a eudicot or monocot plant?

Answer 16

eudicots have netted veins; monocots have parallel veins.

Question 17

How does water move from roots to shoots?

Answer 17

Gravity, Osmosis, Capillary Action, Cohesion-Adhesion Theory.

Question 18

What does the phloem and xylem transport?

Answer 18

Phloem = nutrients; Xylem = water.

Question 19

What does the cotyledon becomes?

Answer 19

Cotyledons becomes the first embryonic leaves in seedlings.

Question 20

Chronologically state the evolution of the xylem cells.

Answer 20

Simple water-conducting cells; first vascular tissue; tracheids; vessel elements.

Question 21

What are the 4 types of leaf structures?

Answer 21

Simple, Compound, Doubly Compound, Needle-like.

Question 22

Name 4 types of modified leaves.

Answer 22

Bulbs, spines, tendrils, trapping insects.

Question 23

What are the 6 steps of the Cohesion-Tension Theory?

Answer 23

1) Water vapor diffuses out of the leaf. 2) Water evaporates inside the leaf. 3) Water is pulled out of the xylem. 4) Water is pulled up the xylem. 5) Water is pulled out of the root cortex. 6) Water moves from soil into the root.

Question 24

What are the 3 ways to minimize transpiration?

Answer 24

Having thick leaves, sunken stomata, and trichomes (hair) reduces transpiration.

Question 25

Define osmosis.

Answer 25

Osmosis is the water movement across a semi-permeable membrane when there is a difference in concentration gradient of solutes.