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BIOL1A - lecture > BIOL1A - gas exchange and circulation > Flashcards

BIOL1A - gas exchange and circulation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 oxygen pathways from moving ambient air into the mitochondria?

A

Ventilation, Circulation, Respiration.

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2
Q

Where does cellular respiration takes place?

A

Cellular respiration happens in the mitochondria.

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3
Q

What 2 things do respiratory systems depend on?

A

Respiratory Medium and Surface.

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4
Q

What is the Fick Equation?

A

Q = D A [(P2-P1)/L]

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5
Q

What does the Diffusion Constant (D) in the Fick Equation describe?

A

the solubility of the gas.

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6
Q

A in the Fick Equation describes what?

A

Area of the diffusion surface.

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7
Q

Describe P2-P1 in the Fick Equation.

A

It is the difference between the partial pressure of gases. Large difference at sea level; reduced depending on altitude.

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8
Q

What happens to partial pressure when elevation increases?

A

oxygen decreases as elevation increases.

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9
Q

What does L represent in the Fick Equation?

A

L is the thickness of the barrier. It is better to have a thin barrier compared to a thick barrier. Example of a barrier: smoking, pollution.

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10
Q

What are the 4 functions of mammalian respiration?

A

Gas exchange of O2 and CO2, metabolize compounds, and filters toxic materials from the blood.

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11
Q

What is the purpose of alveoli?

A

Alveoli is the site of gas exchange inside the lungs.

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12
Q

Why is the diaphragm important to respiration?

A

The diaphragm contracts and relaxes, which allows for lungs to expand and deflate.

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13
Q

What is the respiratory organ of mammals?

A

the lung is the respiratory organ of mammals.

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14
Q

What is the gas exchange surface of mammals?

A

the alveoli is the gas exchange surface of mammals.

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15
Q

What is the airflow used among mammals?

A

bi-directional airflow is used among mammals.

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16
Q

What is the gas exchange pump used among mammals?

A

thoraxic expansion is the gas exchange pump used among mammals.

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17
Q

What is the respiratory organ of avians?

A

the parabronchi is the respiratory organ of avians.

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18
Q

What is the gas exchange surface or avians?

A

air capillaries are the gas exchange surface of avians.

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19
Q

What is the airflow used among avians?

A

uni-directional airflow is used among avians.

20
Q

What is the gas exchange model used among avians?

A

cross-current gas exchange model is used among avians.

21
Q

What is the gas exchange pump used among avians?

A

air sac expansion is the gas exchange pump used among avians.

22
Q

What is the respiratory organ of fish?

A

gills are the respiratory organ of fish.

23
Q

What is the gas exchange surface of fish?

A

secondary lammelae is the gas exchange surface of fish.

24
Q

What is the waterflow used among fish?

A

uni-directional waterflow is used among fish.

25
Q

What gas exchange pump used among fish?

A

bucco-opercular pump is the gas exchange pump used among fish.

26
Q

What is blood composed of?

A

Formed elements and plasma.

27
Q

What are the 3 formed elements of blood?

A

Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, and Platelets.

28
Q

What are the 3 components of plasma?

A

Clotting factors, Water and Ions, and Organic Molecules.

29
Q

Describes what happens to CO2 and pH levels while exercising.

A

Carbon dioxide increases (CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3), hydrogen ions increase (H2CO3 is a weak acid; dissociates into bicarbonate). Therefore, pH levels decreases (more acidic).

30
Q

Name 5 things the blood transports.

A

Gases, water and nutrients, waste products, hormones, and heat.

31
Q

How many heme molecules are on a single red blood cell?

A

there are 4 heme molecules on a red blood cell.

32
Q

What ion does each heme molecule contain in a single red blood cell?

A

There is an iron (II) ion in each heme molecule inside a single red blood cell.

33
Q

In what direction does blood flow in veins?

A

blood flows away from a starting point in the veins.

34
Q

In what direction does blood flow in arteries?

A

blood flows to an ending point in the arteries.

35
Q

What is the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation?

A

Pulmonary circulates blood to the lungs; Systemic circulates blood to the rest of the body.

36
Q

What are the 4 specialized electrical conducting areas of the heart?

A

Sino-Atrial (SA) node, Atrio-ventricular (AV) node, Atrio-ventricular (AV) bundle, Purkinje Fibers.

37
Q

What is the order of the ECG wave form?

A

P-Wave, QRS-wave, T-wave.

38
Q

What is the difference between invertebrate and vertebrate circulatory systems?

A

Invertebrates have OPEN circulatory systems; Vertebrates have CLOSED circulatory systems.

39
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues that make up veins and arteries?

A

Fibrous tissue, Muscle tissue, Endothelium, and Elastic tissue (only found in arteries).

40
Q

Describe the difference between the tissue size in arteries and veins?

A

Arteries have thicker muscle and fibrous tissues compared to veins.

41
Q

Why are capillaries thin and small?

A

Oxygen diffusion is easier inside the capillaries.

42
Q

Why is systolic and diastolic pressure important?

A

Systolic pressure is the pressure of the blood pumping out to the rest of the body (heart contractions). Diastolic pressure is the pressure of the blood pumping in between heart beats.

43
Q

From thinnest to thickest: what is the pattern of de-oxygenated blood flow?

A

Capillaries, Venules, Veins, Vena Cava, Heart.

44
Q

From thickest to thinnest: what is the pattern of oxygenated blood flow?

A

Heart, Aorta, Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries.

45
Q

Describe Inter Pleural Space.

A

Inter pleural space is the area between the lungs and the chest wall. Lungs adhere to the chest wall through a negative space (which suctions the lungs to the chest wall).

BIOL1A - lecture (8 decks)

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