Bioinformatics and Biotechnology

Question 1

Bioinformatics

Answer 1

Computational techniques for solving biological problems

Question 2

Genome

Answer 2

Complete set of DNA for a given species (every single gene)

Question 3

What cells don’t contain the complete genome of an organism?

Answer 3

-Sex cells
-Mature red blood cells

Question 4

_______ are the basic unit of heredity

Answer 4

Genes

Question 5

Gene

Answer 5

Sequence of bases that carry the information for constructing a particular protein (more accurately, a polypeptide)

Question 6

Proteins

Answer 6

Proteins are molecules composed of one or more polypeptide (a polymer composed of amino acids)

Question 7

RNA Polymerase

Answer 7

Enzyme that builds an RNA sequence from a gene

Question 8

Protein Functions

Answer 8

-Structural support
-Storage of amino acids
-Protection against disease
-Movement
-Transport of substances
-Response of cell to chemical stimuli
-Selective acceleration of chemical reactions

Question 9

Human gene density

Answer 9

1.5% coding gene/35kb

Question 10

Bacteria gene density

Answer 10

90% coding gene/kb

Question 11

Hexokinase

Answer 11

-Enzyme involved in glycolysis
-In every organism known from bacteria to humans

Question 12

Hemoglobin

Answer 12

-Responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells
-Protein built from 4 polypeptides

Question 13

What genes have an end product of RNA?

Answer 13

-rRNA- includes major constituents of ribosomes
-tRNA-carry amino acids to ribosomes
-miRNA- play an important regulatory role in plants and animals

Question 14

Genes expressed by a cell vary according to

Answer 14

-Cell type
-Time
-Environment

Question 15

Networks of interactions among various biochemical entities in a cell carry out processes such as

Answer 15

-Metabolism
-Gene expression
-Intra and inter cellular signaling

Question 16

Human genome comprises _______ protein-coding genes

Answer 16

25,000

Question 17

GenBank

Answer 17

federally funded

Question 18

List reasons for the significance of the genomic revolution

Answer 18

-Data driven biology: functional/comparative genomics
-Molecular medicine: gene therapy, identifying molecular components
-Pharmacogenomics: developing highly targeted drugs
-Toxicogenomics: elucidating which genes are affected by various chemicals

Question 19

Biological Database purpose

Answer 19

1. disseminate biological data and information
2. provide biological data in computer readable form
3. allow analysis of data

Question 20

Fluidigm

Answer 20

-Utilizes thousands of intertwining microfluidic valves and channels on a silicon chip to combine cDNA and qPCR probes.

-This platform performs qPCR on either 48 or 96 different cDNA samples and can interrogate 48 or 96 genes on each of these samples.

Question 21

Illumina

Answer 21

-sample prep
-cluster generation
-sequencing
-data analysis

Question 22

What is the starting point of bioinformatics?

Answer 22

NCBI: The starting point of curating bioinformatic resources for the public

Question 23

T/F: Books and articles are considered important types of databases.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Cells build their protein from __ different amino acids.

Answer 24

20

Question 25

GMOs are created by

Answer 25

introducing recombinant DNA into an organism by any means

Question 26

ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) are

Answer 26

unique sequences in the genome

Question 27

Linkage analysis is based on

Answer 27

the natural recombination process

Question 28

The chain termination method of sequencing

Answer 28

uses labeled ddNTPs