Biogical Explanations: Genetics Flashcards
What is the definition of genotype?
Genetic makeup of characteristics.
->predisposition-> genetic vulnerability
What is the concordance rate for monozygotic twins?
100%.
What is the concordance rate for dizygotic twins?
50%.
What do twin studies help researchers understand?
The role of genetics in development.
True or False: Adoption studies show that children with a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia are less likely to develop the disorder if raised in a supportive environment.
True.
What did Gottesman et al. find regarding the concordance rate for schizophrenia in monozygotic twins?
48%.
What was the concordance rate for schizophrenia in dizygotic twins according to Gottesman et al.?
17%.
Fill in the blank: The diathesis-stress model suggests that _______ activates dormant genetic vulnerability.
environment.
What is the significance of the family studies conducted by Gottesman and Shield?
Children with schizophrenic parents have a higher likelihood of developing the disorder.
What was the concordance rate for children with two schizophrenia parents according to Gottesman and Shield?
46%.
What does the term ‘phenotype’ refer to?
Expressed characteristics, e.g., eye color.
What did the adoption study by Teenari et al. reveal about children with a high genetic risk for schizophrenia?
They have a higher likelihood of developing schizophrenia even when raised by adoptive parents without the disorder.
What increases the likelihood of developing schizophrenia in children according to the adoption studies?
Disturbed family environment or poor family functioning.
True or False: A person can be genetically vulnerable to schizophrenia but not have the disorder.
True.
What was the concordance rate for children with one schizophrenia parent according to Gottesman and Shield?
13%
Tienari et al: aim
Examine role of genetics in sz by studying adopted children with szp (high genetic risk)
Gottesman et al: aim and CA
Aim: investigated concordance rates of szchizophrenic twins
CA: not control extraneous variables e.g. the environment which could also influence the expression of genes (phenotype, diathesis stress model
Tienari et al: CA
Children were adopted at age 3 so genes could have already been expressed (phenotype) through the environment (DSM)
Concordance rate
The probability that both twins will develop/ share the same disorder
