Bioenergetics Flashcards
What is photosynthesis? - Photosynthesis
A chemical process used by plants to make glucose and oxygen from CO2 and water
What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis? - Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Where are the majority of chloroplasts located? - Photosynthesis
In the palisade and spongy mesophyll layers
What form of energy powers photosynthesis? - Photosynthesis
LIGHT ENERGY
Where does CO2 enter a plant? - Photosynthesis
Through a plant’s stomata
How is glucose used as cellulose? - Photosynthesis
Used to build and strengthen cell walls
How is glucose used as starch? - Photosynthesis
Glucose as starch is stored as a form of carbohydrate
How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis? - Photosynthesis
Increasing the light intensity intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis until another factor limits.
How does CO2 concentration affect the rate of photosynthesis? - Photosynthesis
An increase in the concentration of CO2 increases the rate of photosynthesis until another factor limits. This is because there are more products.
How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis? - Photosynthesis
At both low and high temperatures, photosynthesis is limited, as the enzymes must work at their optimum temp without being denatured
Describe the graph showing the rate of photosynthesis in terms of light intensity - Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis increases at a linear rate, until plateauing when another factor limits
Describe the graph showing the rate of photosynthesis in terms of CO2 concentration - Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis increases at a linear rate, until plateauing when another factor limits
Describe the graph showing the rate of photosynthesis in terms of temperature - Photosynthesis
The graph rises sharply as the optimum temperature for enzymes is reached, before plummeting as the enzymes denature
How does the amount of chlorophyll affect the rate of photosynthesis? - Photosynthesis
A greater volume of chlorophyll in a plant increases the rate of photosynthesis, as more light can be absorbed to allow more photosynthesis.
How do you calculate light intensity? - Photosynthesis
1/d^2
The area at double the distance is 4 times the area at 1x the distance. Why is this? - Photosynthesis
As the distance doubles, the area is the distance squared.
How can plant growers increase yields in terms of light intensity? - Photosynthesis
Use greenhouses constructed from glass or other materials that enable maximum transition of light.
Position plants for optimum light absorption
In what part of a cell does photosynthesis take place? - Photosynthesis
In the chloroplasts, using a pigment called chlorophyll
How can plant growers increase their yields in terms of CO2? - Photosynthesis
Use CO2 waste from industry
Apply additional CO2 using pipes
How can plant growers increase yields in terms of water? - Photosynthesis
Irrigation systems can be used
Plants are sprayed with water to keep humidity high
Hydroponics allow growers to optimise mineral ions
What type of reaction is photosynthesis? - Photosynthesis
Endothermic
What type of reaction is respiration? - Respiration
Exothermic
What is energy used for in animals? - Respiration
To drive chemical reactions
To provide movement when muscles contract
What does aerobic respiration use as reactants? + to produce what products? - Respiration
Aerobic respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce CO2, water and energy
