Bioenergetics

Question 1

concern with the flow of energy thru the living system

Answer 1

Bioenergetics

Question 2

ATP ____ require energy for ______, ______, ______, _______. Energy in cells is ______ largely thru ATP. Molecular unit of currency. ATP is ____ from ADP when phosphate bonds in other compounds undergo hydrolysis in _____ or in respiration. The _____ change of reaction is negative indicating that it is spontaneous.

Answer 2

Cells, synthesis, transport, motility, signaling, transferred, regenerated, metabolism, Free energy

Question 3

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate different from _____. NADPH is a reduced form after _____ energy. Electron donor/receptor for ______ reactions. Provides reducing power (hydrogen atoms) for ______ processes. Provides ______ for ATP formation in ______.

Answer 3

NAD+, expelling, oxidation-reduction, biosynthetic, electrons, respiration

Question 4

process by which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons

Answer 4

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 5

major source of ATP for aerobic organisms

Answer 5

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 6

Three major pathways Glucose Metabolism

Answer 6

hexose monophosphate (HMP, also called pentose phosphate)
Entner-Doudoroff
Embden-Meyerhof- Parnas (EMP, also called glycolysis)

Question 7

Primary pathway, an anaerobic pathway that terminates with the production of pyruvate.

Answer 7

EMP

Question 8

Glycolysis Reaction

Answer 8

glucose + 2 Phosphate group + 2 ADP + 2NAD+ yields 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH +2 H+ + 2 water

Question 9

pyruvate enters TCA cycle producing carbon dioxide and NADH

Answer 9

Aerobic

Question 10

pyruvate is converted to ethanol, lactic acid, acetone, butanol, or acetic acid (original definition of fermentation)

Answer 10

Anaerobic

Question 11

TCA Cycle reaction

Answer 11

pyruvate + CoA + NAD+ yield acetyl – CoA + carbon dioxide + NADH

Question 12

formed is used as reducing power to generate ATP in electron transport chain

Answer 12

NADH

Question 13

used as a phosphoryl donor in protein synthesis and signal transduction processes or is easily interchangeable with ATP

Answer 13

GTP

Question 14

These intermediates are replaced by anaplerotic reactions

Answer 14

Replenishing Intermediates

Question 15

can occur by using nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor in the ETC

Answer 15

Anaerobic respiration

Question 16

No net oxidation or reduction since electron transport chain is not available to produce NAD+ required in TCA cycle

Answer 16

Alcohol and Lactate Formation

Question 17

Generates NADPH (reducing power for biosynthesis) and 5 carbon sugars (make up ATP, RNA, DNA, others)

Answer 17

Pentose Phosphate Pathway