Bioenergetics Flashcards
What organelle absorbs energy required for photosynthesis?
chlorophyll
In what part of the cell does photosynthesis take place?
In chloroplasts
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + water ➔ glucose + oxygen
What is the balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O ➔ C6H12O6 + 6O2
Which type of reaction is photosynthesis?
Endothermic
What can the glucose made during photosynthesis be used for?
Respiration
Stored as starch for later
How do plants get the carbon dioxide required for photosynthesis?
It diffuses from the air into the leaves via stomata
How do plants get the water required for photosynthesis?
It diffuses from the soil into the root hair cells by osmosis
What makes starch a useful long term storage molecule?
It can easily be broken down when needed
It is compact
It is insoluble in water
What do plants need to make amino acids?
nitrate ions and glucose
What are the main uses of glucose in plants?
Cellular respiration
Make cellulose
Make starch
Make amino acids
Make lipids
What is the formula for the inverse square law?
light intensity = 1/d^2
d = distance between light source and object
What is the role of chlorophyll?
To absorb light energy for photosynthesis
Why may plants produce insufficient chlorophyll?
They have a disease like Tobacco Mosaic Virus
They lack the required nutrients
What are 3 environmental factors effecting the rate of photosynthesis?
Light intensity
Amount of carbon dioxide
Temperature
What could cause the rate of photosynthesis to plateau?
limiting co2 conc.
limiting light intensity
What could cause the rate of photosynthesis to decrease quickly once it gets too high?
temperature
Describe and explain how the rate of photosynthesis varies with temperature.
At first the rate of photosynthesis rises with temperature as the particles have more energy and move more quickly. This means they can react more quickly and so the rate is higher.
However, as temperature rises above the optimum temperature for the enzymes involved, the enzymes may start to break down. This decreases the rate until it falls to zero (when the enzymes are denatured).
How can farmers ensure that photosynthesis takes place 24 hours a day?
Use artificial lighting
What are the 2 benefits of paraffin heaters?
as they burn, they release a lot of heat and co2 boosting photosynthesis
Is respiration an exothermic or endothermic reaction?
exothermic
What is metabolism?
The combination of all chemical reactions in an organism
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen ➔ carbon dioxide + water
What is glucose converted to during anaerobic respiration in animals?
lactic acid
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi?
Glucose ➔ ethanol + carbon dioxide
Why is aerobic respiration more sustainable than anaerobic respiration?
anaerobic respiration releases much less energy and produces lactic acid which can damage cells
Which organ in the body removes the lactic acid from the blood.
liver
