Bioenergetics Flashcards

1
Q

Why do cells require energy?

A

Synthesis
Movement
Transport of ions against concentration gradient
Transport of ions against an electrochemical gradient
Generation of heat

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2
Q

What kind of reactions are essential for energy exchange in cells?

A

redox reactions

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3
Q

What is the energy currency of the cell?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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4
Q

What are the bonds present in ATP?

A

2 phosphoanhydride bonds
1 phosphoester bond

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5
Q

How are the bonds in ATP broken?

A

Hydrolysis

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6
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction involving the breaking of a bond
in a molecule using water

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7
Q

Write an equation for the hydrolysis of ATP.

A

ATP+H2O -> ADP +Pi + energy

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8
Q

Name an endergonic and an exergonic reaction.

A

Endergonic - synthesis of protein
Exergonic - hydrolysis of ATP

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9
Q

What is the 1st law of thermodynamics?

A

Energy is conserved; it can neither be created nor destroyed

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10
Q

What is the 2nd law of thermodynamics?

A

In any closed system, the entropy (disorder) of the system will either remain constant or increase. “The universe will always tend towards increasing disorder”.

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11
Q

Define enthalpy.

A

H
The internal energy in a system

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12
Q

Define entropy.

A

The randomness or disorder in a system.

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13
Q

What is Gibb’s free energy?

A

G
The amount of energy capable of doing work during a reaction at constant temperature and pressure.

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14
Q

What is the change in free energy of a system determined by?

A

ΔG = ΔH – TΔS

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15
Q

What kind of reaction is present when ΔH > TΔS?

A

Endergonic

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16
Q

What kind of reaction is present when ΔH < TΔS?

A

Exergonic

17
Q

What kind of reaction is energetically favourable?

A

Exergonic

18
Q

What kind of reaction is energetically unfavourable?

A

Endergonic