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Biochemistry - 1 > Bioenergetics > Flashcards

Bioenergetics Flashcards

1
Q

“Biochemical thermodynamics”

A

Bioenergetics

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2
Q

ALL Biochemical reactions follow the law of thermodynamics. T/F

A

T

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3
Q

Bioenergetics is the transfer of one energy to another. T/F?

A

T

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4
Q

The 1st law of thermodynamics states that

A

Energy is neither created nor destroyed but can transform from one type to another.

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5
Q

The total energy of the universe remains _______.

A

Constant

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6
Q

Measure of the extent of randomness or disorder in a system

A

Entropy

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7
Q

State of matter with lowest entropy, high degree of orderliness.

A

Solid

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8
Q

State of matter with intermediate entropy

A

Liquid

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9
Q

State of matter with highest entropy, most disordered (especially
in high temp)

A

Gas

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10
Q

What is 2nd law of thermodynamics?

A

The total entropy of a system must increase If a reaction must occur simultaneously

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11
Q

Equation of Gibson free energy.

A

change in G= Gproduct - G reacant

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12
Q

Non-spontaneous rxn

A. Endergonic
B. Exergonic

A

A

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13
Q

Proceeds from higher to a lower energy level

A. Endergonic
B. Exergonic

A

B

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14
Q

Gain in free energy

A. Endergonic
B. Exergonic

A

A

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15
Q

Loss or release of free energy

A. Endergonic
B. Exergonic

A

B

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16
Q

Spontaneous (forward)

A. Endergonic
B. Exergonic

A

B

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17
Q

“Downhill reactions”

A. Endergonic
B. Exergonic

A

B

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18
Q

Proceeds from lower to a higher energy level

A. Endergonic
B. Exergonic

A

A

19
Q

Irreversible reaction

A

Exergonic

20
Q

Reversible rxn

A

Endergonic

21
Q

Catabolic/degradation rxn is under

A

Exergonic

22
Q

Anabolic / Biosynthetic Reactions is under

A

Endergonic

23
Q

What is coupling reaction?

A

This is the linkage of endergonic and exergonic rxn to aid endergonic rxn to occur.

24
Q

When metabolite A is converted to metabolite B, __________ is released.

A

Free energy

25
Q

Majority of the free energy released during fuel oxidation is in the form of ________

A

Chemical energy

26
Q

Excess amount of free energy not used for work is transformed to _______

A

Heat

27
Q

2 mechanisms of coupling reactions

A

Formation of common obligatory intermediate (I)

Formation of high energy intermediate compound (~E)

28
Q

What is the ~E in living cells

A

ATP

29
Q

3 Phosphate groups linked together by ______ high-energy phosphate bonds (gamma γ & beta β phosphate bonds)

A

2

30
Q

The 2 phosphodiester bond that links the ATPs 3 phosphate group is an example of High energy intermediate. T/F

A

T

31
Q

α-phosphate bond linked to the 5’ oxygen of the ribose is a high-energy phosphate bond, but only a phosphate ester bond. T/F

A

F. IT IS NOT. It is just a regular phosphodiester bond.

32
Q

Chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the H+ and OH of water

A

Hydrolysis

33
Q

ATP hydrolysis release ________ amount of energy

A

(-7.3kcal/mol)

34
Q

universal currency in the biological system.

A

ATP

35
Q

Hydrolys of AMP produce ______ amount of energy

A

(-3.4kcal/mol)

36
Q

AMP is considered a high-energy phosphate bond. T/F

A

FALSE. It is a normal phosphate-ester link

37
Q

What is more useful: ΔG or ΔGo?

A

ΔG is more useful because it uses actual conditions of the cell

38
Q

greatest quantitative source of high-energy phosphates in aerobic (requires
oxygen) organisms

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

39
Q

greatest quantitative source of high-energy phosphates in aerobic (requires
oxygen) organisms

A 
● Oxidative Phosphorylation
● Glycolysis
→ Pyruvate Kinase
→ Phosphoglycerate Kinase
● Citric Acid Cycle
→ Succinate thiokinase
40
Q

3 irreversible steps in glycolysis

A
  • glucose to G6P
  • fructose to 1,6 biphosphate
  • phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvic acid
41
Q

Keq < 1, ΔGo = (+)

A

Endergonic

42
Q

Keq > 1, ΔGo = (-)

A

Exergonic

43
Q

Keq = 1, ΔGo = 0

A

No change in free energy

Biochemistry - 1 (6 decks)

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