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SBI3U - EXAM > BIODIVERSITY - Protists > Flashcards

BIODIVERSITY - Protists Flashcards

1
Q

Overall, what are the 4 ways protists are classified, (nutrition)?

A

Heterotrophs, autotrophs, decomposer, parasites.

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2
Q

Overall, where are protists most commonly found?

A

In aquatic environments. Fresh water, salt lakes, etc.

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3
Q

What are the three types of Protists?

A

Animal-like, Plant-like, and Fungi-like.

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4
Q

What is the name most commonly used for animal-like protists?

A

Protozoans.

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5
Q

What are pseudopods?

A

They are like “false feet,” in which the cytoplasm in amoeba branches out allowing the protozoan to move and flow.

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6
Q

What is a common characteristic to plant-like protists and plants under the plantae kingdom?

A

They are both photosynthetic.

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7
Q

What is a common characteristic between fungus-like protists and fungus under the fungi kingdom?

A

These protists and fungi are de-composers that absorb nutrients from dead matter.

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8
Q

Are protists just unicellular? Or can they be multicellular?

A

The evolution of protists have made it possible for protists to be single-called, multi-celled, and colonial, meaning they’re a group of independent acting cells.

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9
Q

Are protists the foundation/ancestors of multicellular life?

A

Yes.

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10
Q

What are protists?

A

They are species that do not fall under a specific kingdom like fungi, plant, or animal, but are eukaryotic.

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11
Q

What is an endosymbiotic relationship?

A

It is when an organism that lives in the body/cells of another organism have a mutual relationship.

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12
Q

How does endosymbiosis work?

A

Starts with two independent bacterium’s where one gets engulfed by the other. These two bacterium’s both benefit from this arrangement. Now as the organism begins to reproduce this new generation of bacteria will have the internal bacteria it absorbed.

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13
Q

What is endomutualism?

A

A relationship where one organism lives inside another, with both benefiting from the other.

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14
Q

Typically endosymbiosis involves one Prokaryote and one Eukaryote. Which cells provide what in the mutual relationship?

A

The prokaryote provides the eukaryote energy. The eukaryote provides the prokaryote protection and nutrients.

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15
Q

How much of earths oxygen can Protists be accounted for?

A

60%

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16
Q

Where are protists on the food chain?

A

Typically found at the bottom seeing as they are a major food source.

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17
Q

What is a characteristic that flagellate protozoans can be classified by?

A

Their flagella.

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18
Q

What is the flagella used for in protozoans?

A

Locomotion and capturing prey.

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19
Q

How many flagellas do a Euglena protozoan have? Volox protozoans? Trichoma protozoans?

A

Euglena — one flagellum
Volox — organism that is enclosed in spherical gelatos that moves by thousands of flagellum’s.
Trichoma — several falgellum

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20
Q

What are ameboid protozoans characterized by?

A

Projections of body mass called pseudopods.

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21
Q

Most common ameboid protozoan?

A

Amoeba

22
Q

What are ciliated protozoans characterized by?

A

Great numbers of cilia.

23
Q

An example of ciliated protozoans…

A

Paramecia

24
Q

What are spore-forming protozoans characterized by?

A

By their parasitic infective spores.

25
Q

What is a spore?

A

A reduced amount of nuclei surrounded by cytoplasm encased in ridged sheath.

26
Q

Where do spore-forming protozoans invade?

A

They invade intestinal cells, blood vessels and other ducts found in the host.

27
Q

What type of environment does Paramecium live in?

A

Fresh water with close proximity to decaying matter.

28
Q

Give examples of structures that could classify paramecium.

A

Thousands of cilia

29
Q

How does Paramecium move?

A

Cilia aids with forward and rotary movement.

30
Q

Cant delete card just skip this

A
31
Q

What type of environment does Amoeba live in?

A

Fresh/salt water and intestines of animals.

32
Q

What structures could classify Amoebas?

A

Their pseudopods (false feet) and free flowing cytoplasm.

33
Q

How does Amoeba move?

A

Projections of cytoplasm called pseudopods

34
Q

What is the process in which Amoeba gets its nutrients called?

A

Phagocytosis

35
Q

How does Phagocytosis work?

A

The food is encircled by the pseudopod. After being fully circled, the now food vacuole separates from the rest of the membrane into the cell. Lysosomes then come in with enzymes that make contact with the vacuole. The two vacuoles fuse and allows enzymes to digest the food.

36
Q

What type of environment does Euglena live in?

A

Fresh water

37
Q

What are structures that can help classify Euglena?

A

It’s chloroplast that gives it a green pigment, as well as its flagella.

38
Q

How does Euglena get its nutrients?

A

Through photosynthesis.

39
Q

Recall. How does photosynthesis work?

A

The chloroplast allows the cell to produce its own carbohydrates from inorganic sources like carbon dioxide and water. CO2 + H2O + sunlight yields glucose.

40
Q

What happens when Euglena does not have sunlight to undergo the process of photosynthesis?

A

When there is no sunlight Euglena absorbs the nutrients it needs to survive from decaying matter.

41
Q

How does Euglena move?

A

It moves using its whip-like flagella.

42
Q

What are some symptoms of Malaria?

A

High fever, anemia, chills, enlarged spleen, etc.

43
Q

How can Malaria be treated to suppress symptoms?

A

Chemotherapy.

44
Q

What is the parasite that causes Malaria from mosquitos?

A

Plasmodium

45
Q

Explain the asexual cycle of malaria infection.

A

The mosquito pierces the skin of a human, it excretes plasmodium spores into the blood vessels. It will arrive in the liver and divide in the cells of the gland. Offspring is released into the bloodstream where it will then infect red blood cells. The spores cause the RBC’s to rupture which releases new spores to infect.

46
Q

How long does the asexual process of malaria infection last?

A

Anywhere from 2-6 weeks.

47
Q

Explain sexual cycle of malaria infection.

A

After the asexual infections, the infected RBC’s form gametes, these are required for mosquitos to complete the cycle. Mosquito now pierces skin of infected person and draws the gamete RBC’s into its foregut. The RBC’s rupture allowing male and female gametes form single cells called zygotes. These create new spores and then the cycle repeats.

48
Q

Why are Euglenoids both plant and animal like?

A

Euglenoids, they are plant-like because of their chloroplasts but are animal-like because they can swim and get their own food.

49
Q

How do animal-like protists move?

A

They move by their pseudopods, ciliates, and/or their flagellates.

50
Q

What are the three types of plant-like protists?

A

Euglenoids, Dinoflagellates, and Diatoms. They all are photosynthetic.

51
Q

What are two types of fungus-like protists?

A

Slime moulds - fungus-like because they are de-composers, animal-like because of their cilia.

Water moulds

52
Q

How does Paramecium get its nutrients?

A

They capture smaller prey using their cilia to anchor onto the prey

SBI3U - EXAM (8 decks)

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