Biodiversity 2: Parazoa and Radiata Flashcards
What does ‘animals are monophyletic’ mean?
It means they have a single common ancestor
What was the first key branch point in animal evolution?
Gastrulation results in at least 2 tissue layers (endoderm.ectoderm) vs no gastrulation
→ Separates Parazoa (sponges) from everything else
Why are parazoa very unspecialsed?
Because they are neither radially or bilaterally symmetrical
What was the second key branch point in animal evolution?
Radial vs bilateral symmetry
→ separates Radiata (e.g jellyfish) from Bilateria
Describe Radiata
- Have oral/aboral side
- Dipoblastic (2 tissue layers)
Describe Bilateria
- have anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral sides
- triploblastic (3 tissue layers)
What was the third key branch point in animal evolution?
Patterns of cleavage, coelom formation and mouth/anus formation
→ separates protosomes and deutrostomes
Give some examples of Protostomes
mollusks, annelids, arthropods
What are protostomes patterns of cleavage?
Spiral and determinate
When is cell fate determined in protostomes?
Cell fate determined early in development
Which phylums are deuterostomes?
Chordata, echinoderms
What are deuterostomes patterns of cleavage?
Radial and interdeterminate
When is cell fate determined in deutrostomes?
Cell fate is not determined early = early cells can develop into any cell type
Describe deutrostomes coelom formation
Folds of archenteron form coelom
What is the function of the coelom?
protects organs, allows organ growth