Biodiversity 1: intro Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of diversity?

A

Ecological
Genetic
Organismal

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2
Q

What is ecological diversity? + examples

A

variety of places where organisms live
e.g ecosystems, niches, habitats

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3
Q

What is genetic diversity? + examples

A

variation in genetic codes
e.g populations, chromosomes, genes

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4
Q

What is organismal diversity?

A

variation in whole organisms, organised in taxonomic hierarchy
e.g kingdoms, phyla, classes

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5
Q

What is usually the unit of organismal biodiversity

A

species

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6
Q

Give the basic definition of species

A

organisms that can breed together to produce fertile offspring

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7
Q

Describe the general process of evolution (5)

A
  1. Random variation will by chance produce a useful trait
  2. Its bearer is more likely to survive and reproduce.
  3. It passes that trait on to its offspring.
  4. The adaptation spreads through the population
  5. Over evolutionary time a new species is formed
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8
Q

Which 4 ways are used to infer evolutionary relationships?

A

Paleontological evidence
Anatomical similarity
Developmental similarity
Molecular similarity

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9
Q

What is Paleontological evidence?

A

Appearance in the fossil record

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10
Q

What is anatomical similarity?

A

Shared, derived homologous structures
Convergent → 2 structures resemble each other e.g bats wings vs birds

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11
Q

What is developmental similarity?

A

Patterns of cell division and embryonic stages

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12
Q

What is molecular similarity?

A

DNA, RNA and protein sequence similarity

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13
Q

What are some of the problems with the phylogenetic tree?

A

Most are based on anatomical & developmental similarities
Organisms missing
Biased towards animals
Man is always at the top (suggests progression to ‘higher’ organisms)

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14
Q

What are the 3 values of biodiversity

A

Direct use
Indirect use
Non-use

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15
Q

Describe direct use values + examples

A

direct use of biological resources in consumption or production = marketable commodities
e.g food, industrial materials, ecotourism

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16
Q

Describe indirect use values + examples

A

services that support human life, they are not traded on markets
e.g pollination, O2 production, soil formation/maintenance, water management, waste processing

17
Q

What are the 4 non-use biodiversity values

A

Option value
Bequest value
Existence value
Intrinsic value

18
Q

What is option value? (non-use biodiversity)

A

potential use or non-use in the future

19
Q

What is bequest value? (non-use biodiversity)

A

value of passing on a resource intact to future generations

20
Q

What is existence value? (non-use biodiversity)

A

value irrespective of the uses that it has now or in the future

21
Q

What is intrinsic value? (non-use biodiversity)

A

value independent of any human dimension