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biology alevel ocr > biodiversity > Flashcards

biodiversity Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the three factors to assess biodiversity?

A

species evenness, species richness, genetic diversity

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2
Q

what is species richness?

A

the number of species within an ecosystem

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3
Q

what is species diversity?

A

the number of different species in an ecosystem

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4
Q

how do you measure genetic diversity?

A

by working out the proportion of genes that have more than one form (allele) and how many possible alleles each gene has

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5
Q

give some methods of random sampling

A

quadrats, sweeping nets, pitfall traps, pooters, tullgren funnel, kick sampling

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6
Q

what is opportunistic sampling?

A

picking and choosing sampling locations based on various non random factors (e.g. being able to only sample from places that are safe)

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7
Q

what is stratified sampling?

A

population divided into smaller groups based on a characteristic, then sampled

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8
Q

what is systematic sampling?

A

when there’s a clear change in the physical conditions across the area being studied. e.g. abiotic factors like altitude, soil pH or light intensity

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9
Q

what are line transects & what kind of data does a it produce?

A

lay out a tape and at equal distances record the identities of the organism that touch the line. qualitative date

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10
Q

what are belt transects & the type of data it produces?

A

place quadrats at regular intervals along tape and record abundance/ perentage cover of each species within each quadrat. produces quantitative data

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11
Q

what are some limitations of using quadrats?

A

can only be used for sessile/immobile species
some species are very small or high in nmbers so hard to count
does not give info on estimated number of individuals or size of population

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12
Q

list some biotic factors

A

predators, pathogens and competition with other species

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13
Q

list some abiotic factors

A

temperature, humidity and rainfall

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14
Q

what is genetic polymorphism?

A

when there are 2 or more alleles present at a single loci

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15
Q

what are the main factors affecting biodiversity?

A

habitat destruction, overexploitation, hunting, agriculture, climate change

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16
Q

what are monocultures?

A

only having fields full of single crops

17
Q

what are some reasons for maintaining biodiversity?

A

moral and ethical, ecological, environmental, economic, aesthetic, agricultural, maintaing genetic resources

18
Q

what are keystone species?

A

a species which has a disproportionately large effect on its natural environment relative to its abundance

19
Q

what are some ways to store genetic material for conservation

A

frozen zoos (egg, sperm, tissue samples from animals)
seed banks for plants

20
Q

what are ex situ methods and list examples

A

relocation to a safe place, e.g. botanic gardens, breeding in captivity, seed banks

21
Q

what are some pros of ex situ conservation?

A

will protect species as there are no poachers or competition. can check individual health of each animal and check reproduction rates. can reintroduce to wild

22
Q

what are some cons of ex situ conservation?

A

too much reliance on humans. less number of organisms int the wild. costs money. less successful rates

23
Q

what are in situ methods and list some examples

A

establishing protected areas such as wildlife zoos, national parks, preventing new species in an area, protecting habitats, restoring damage, promoting species, legal protection for species

24
Q

what are the pros of in situ conservation?

A

more species can be protected. easier and quicker to replenish

25
Q

what are the cons of in situ conservation?

A

cannot control many factors

26
Q

what does the IUCN stand for?

A

international union for the conservation of nature

27
Q

what does CBD stand for?

A

convention on biological diversity

28
Q

what does CITES stand for?

A

the convention on international trade in endangered species of wild flora and fauna

29
Q

what are the main aims for IUCN?

A

assessing the conservation status of animal and plant species around the world. IUCN uses classification system to differentiate between the endangerment of each species

30
Q

what are the 3 main goals for the CBD?

A

using different conservation methods to conserve biological diversity. sustainable use of biological resources. the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources

31
Q

what are the aims for CITES?

A

to control the trade of endangered species and their associated products. e.g. elephants and their ivory tusks

32
Q

what does the CSS stand for?

A

the countryside stewardship scheme

biology alevel ocr (13 decks)

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