animal responses Flashcards
what does the central nervous system consist of?
brain and spinal cord
what does the peripheral nervous system consist of?
sensory and motor system
what does the motor system break down into?
somatic and autonomic
what does the autonomic system break down into?
parasympathetic and sympathetic
what is the sensory system?
transfer electrical impulses from receptors to the CNS
what is the motor system?
transfers electrical impulses from CNS to effectors
how do dendrons enter the sensory nervous system
through the spinal nerves
where are the cell bodies in the sensory nervous system?
dorsal root ganglion
what connects the sensory neurones to other neurones in the CNS?
a short axon
what is the somatic nervous system?
under conscious control. one single motor neurone from CNS to effector. gives a rapid response
what is the autonomic nervous system?
self governing. at least two motor neurones from CNS to the effector. connections in swellings called ganglia
are somatic neurones myelinated or non myelinated and why?
mostly myelinated so responses can be rapid
are autonomic neurones myelinated or non myelinated and why?
non myelinated as responses do not need to be rapid
give an example of muscles that are somatic
skeletal muscle
give examples of autonomic responders
glands, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle
what is the sympathetic system?
prepares for action
what is the parasympathetic system?
conserves and absorbs energy
give an example of sympathetic neurotransmitters
noradrenaline
give an example of parasympathetic neurotransmitters
acetylcholine (Ach)
what does the sympathetic system increase?
activity, heart rate, ventilation rate, pupil dilation
what does the parasympathetic system increase/decrease?
decrease: activity, heart rate, ventilation rate
increase: digestive activity
what connects the two hemispheres of the brain?
corpus callosum
what are the four main structures of the brain?
cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalmus, medulla oblongata
what does the cerebrum do?
largest part, organises most higher thought processes e.g. conscious thought and memory
what does the cerebellum do?
coordinates movement and balance
what does the hypothalamus and pituatary complex do?
organises homeostatic responses and controls various physiological processes
what does the medulla oblongata do?
co-ordinates many of the autonomic responses (e.g. breathing, heart rate)
what is the cerebral cortex?
outermost layer (folded up so it fits inside your head)
what are the three areas of the cerebrum?
sensory areas, association areas, motor areas
