Biochemistry Vocabularies

Question 1

Protein

Answer 1

Large Molecule composed of one or more chains of Amino Acid

Question 2

Amino Acid

Answer 2

Various acids containing carbon and nitrogen that are building blocks of protein and are made by living plant or animal cells

Question 3

Carbohydrate

Answer 3

Various neutral compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen( such as sugars, starches, and celluloses)

Question 4

Monosaccharide

Answer 4

A sugar that is not decomposable into simpler sugars by hydrolysis

Question 5

Polysaccharide

Answer 5

A carbohydrate that can be decomposed by hydrolysis into two or more molecules of monosaccharides

Question 6

Nucleic Acid

Answer 6

Complex organic acids (such as DNA or RNA) that are composed nucleotide chains

Question 7

Nucleotide

Answer 7

Compounds that consist of a ribose or deoxyribose sugar joined to a purine or pyrimidine base and to a phosphate group and that are the basic structural units of nucleic acids (such as RNA or DNA)

Question 8

Lipid

Answer 8

A lipid is a type of organic molecule found in living things.Fats are made from lipid molecules. Sources of lipid can be found in algae, seeds, meat, cheese, butter and fish. Lipids are long chains of carbon and hydrogen molecules.

Question 9

Enzyme

Answer 9

a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

Question 10

Monomer

Answer 10

a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.

Question 11

Polymer

Answer 11

a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together, e.g., many synthetic organic materials used as plastics and resins.

Question 12

Activation Energy

Answer 12

activation energy is the energy that must be provided to compounds to result in a chemical reaction.

Question 13

Substrate

Answer 13

the substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions involving the substrate(s)

Question 14

Polar Molecule

Answer 14

a chemical species in which the distribution of electrons between the covalently bonded atoms is not even.

Question 15

Non-Polar Molecule

Answer 15

are molecules in which the bonds are equal because the electrons are shared equally. When oxygen molecules interact, for example, each atomic particle contains six outer-shell electrons.