Biochemistry- Renal System

Question 1

What serves as the energy currency of all cells?

Answer 1

ATP

Question 2

What is amino acid degradation?

Answer 2

When amino acids consumed more than they required, and are degraded to meet the fuel demands of the body.

Question 3

In amino acid degradation what does the ketogenic amino acid form the precursor for what?

Answer 3

Acetyl COA

Question 4

In amino acid degradation, what does glycogenic amino acids serve as the precursor for?

Answer 4

Synthesis of glucose via pyruvate or/ and the intermediates of the TCA cycle.

Question 5

Generally, what are the four different mechanisms that control the metabolic pathways of energy metabolism?

Answer 5

1. Availability of the substrates.
2. Covalent modification of enzymes
3. Allosteric regulations
4. Regulation of enzyme synthesis.

Question 6

State the name and function of the key hormone utilized in metabolism.

Answer 6

Insulin
- Insulin is responsible for being the hormone that regulates metabolism in various organs/ parts of the body.

Question 7

Describe the role and major metabolic functions of the liver in an Absorptive/Fed State.

Answer 7

The liver main role of the body is its the central metabolic clearing house of the body. The main functions of the liver include:
A) Carbohydrate metabolism- Increase glycolysis, glucogensis, HMP Shunt. Decreased gluconeogenesis
B) lipid metabolism - increased fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis.
C) Amino acid metabolism - increased degradation of amino acids and protein synthesis.

Question 8

Discuss the role and major metabolic functions of Adipose Tissue in an Absorptive State

Answer 8

Adipose tissue is known as the energy storage tissue. It’s main functions are:
A) carbohydrate metabolism - increased glucose, glycolysis and HMP Shunt
B) Lipid metabolism- increased fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis. Degradation of TG inhibited.