Anatomy: Intro To Renal & Develop Renal Flashcards
What is the function of the urinary system?
It filters out cellular waste, toxins and excess water and nutrients out the body.
What are the components of the urinary tract system?
Kidney, Ureter, Urethra, Urinary bladder
What are nephrons?
Small filtering tubes through which the kidney passes urine out the blood.
What is the function of the ureter?
It attaches and passes urine from the kidney into the urinary bladder.
What is the function of the muscles of the urinary system?
The muscles of the urinary system relax and expand to store the urine and contract and flatten to release the urine from the body.
What is the function of the sphincter muscles?
The SM prevent the urine from leaking out the bladder by acting like a rubber band tightly closing the opening of the bladder.
What is the function of the nerves of the bladder?
It alerts persons when it’s time to urinate.
Describe how normal urination occurs.
The brain signals the bladder muscles to tighten, squeezing urine out of the bladder. The same time, the brain signals the schinter muscles to relax, allowing urine to pass out the body through the urethra.
What are the anterior relations of the left and right kidney?
The left kidney:
Pancreas, spleen and stomach
Right kidney:
Duodenum and liver
What are the posterior relations of the left and right kidney?
Diaphragm
Psoas major
Quadratus lumborum
Transverse abdominis muscle.
What is the location of the kidney?
The pair lies posteriorly on the abdominal wall on the both sides of the vertebrae column
And they extend from the upper boarder of the 11th thoracic vertebrae to the 3rd lumbar vertebrae.
List and describe the coverings of the kidney.
Fibrous capsule - fibrous membrane that closely covers the kidney.
Perirenal fat- the layer of adipose tissue that is on the outside of the fibrous capsule.
Renal fascia- layer of loose connective tissue. Has posterior and anterior layer that covers the respective layers.
Pararenal layer - layer of fatty tissue that covers outside the renal fascia. Thick posterior surface.
What are the components of the Renal sinus?
Renal arteries, tributaries of renal vein and renal pelvis, major and minor calyces.
What are the components of the renal medulla?
Renal pyramids and papillae.
List and describe the component of a nephron,
Nephron- the functional part of the kidney.
Consist of:
renal corpuscle- part of the nephron where blood plasma is filtered out. Contains glomerulus and bowman’s capsule.
Renal tubule- part of the nephron where the glomerular filtrate is passed out. Contains the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henele and distal convoluted tubule.
