Biochemistry Quiz Slides

Question 1

What accounts of the majority of the chemical energy in your body?

Answer 1

Triacylglycerol – since fat is worth more calories/energy per gram

Question 2

24 hours after a meal, what will likely occur?

Answer 2

Gluconeogenesis in the liver will be the major source of blood glucose.

Question 3

In a well nourished individual, as the length of fasting increases from overnight to one week, which one of the following is most likely to occur?

Answer 3

Muscle decreases its use of ketone bodies.

Question 4

Student decides to lose weight by only eating 300 kcal/day and a vitamin. After three days of this diet, what best represents the student’ metabolism?

Answer 4

Both his adipose mass and his muscle mass decreased.

Question 5

Protein malnutrition is called:

Answer 5

Kwashiorkor

Question 6

The protein whose loss causes cystic fibrosis normally functions as a. . .

Answer 6

chloride channel

Question 7

The oxidized form of cysteine is called…

Answer 7

cystine

Question 8

The apoproteins ApoB100 and ApoB48 are encoded on the same gene. The different apoproteins are produced through. . .

Answer 8

RNA editing

Question 9

What is the most calorically dense food?

Answer 9

Fat

Question 10

What particle functions to promote cholesterol homeostasis?

Answer 10

High density lipoprotein

Question 11

Which lipoprotein activates an extracellular lipase in capillary beds?

Answer 11

ApoCII

Question 12

Which particle functions to distribute dietary fat to tissues?

Answer 12

Chylomicron

Question 13

Which particle functions to distribute fat synthesized from carbohydrates to tissues?

Answer 13

Low density lipoprotein

Question 14

Very fussy child, erythrodermic scaly rash, copious diarrhea and markedly elevated potassium and low serum albumin in the setting of a severely restricted diet. Diagnosis?

Answer 14

Kwashiorkor

Question 15

If present in a polymer of glucose, which of the bonds below is not a substrate for human carbohydrate digestive enzymes? 
A. alpha 1,4
B. alpha 1,6 
C. beta 1,4
D. alpha 1,1

Answer 15

C - beta 1,4 (but lactase cuts this!)
A - amylase, glucoamylase
B - Sucrase-Isomaltase Complex
D - Trehalase

Question 16

Indigestible fiber can be converted to . . . . by bacteria in the lumen of the gut.

Answer 16

Acetate

Question 17

What component of human breast milk can be converted to short chain fatty acids in the gut of a healthy infant?

Answer 17

Oligosaccharides

Question 18

What cytokine acts as a ‘brake’ on inflammation?

Answer 18

IL-10

Question 19

What diet is best for infants?

Answer 19

Breast milk

Question 20

Which dietary fiber decreases intestinal transit time? 
A. Glucan
B. Lignin
C. Pectin
D. Psyillium
E. Fructan

Answer 20

B. Lignin - Lignin is insoluble, all others are soluble

Question 21

A 43 year old male is 5’10” tall and weighs 170 pounds and doesn’t exercise. He wants to maintain a healthy weight without changing his level of physical activity. How much do you recommend he eat each day?

Answer 21

About 2159 kcal/day

Question 22

Which molecule is the least oxidized?

Answer 22

Stearate

Question 23

How do you calculate BMR?

Answer 23

(O2 inhaled)(24 hours)(Caloric value 1 L O2) = BMR

(CO2 exhaled)(24 hours)(Caloric value 1 L CO2) = BMR

Question 24

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is best explained by which one of the following statements?

Answer 24

It is equivalent to the caloric requirements of our major organs and resting muscle.

Question 25

A male patient presented with a BMI of 33 kg/m^2 and a waist circumference of 47 inches. What dietary therapy would you consider most helpful?

Answer 25

Decreased intake of total calories

Question 26

At non-protein RQs above 0.85, the primary fuel for respiration is…

Answer 26

Carbohydrates

Question 27

When a person is burning fat of the majority of his energy, his RQ will be lower than if he were using mostly carbohydrates. This is because fat is more. . .

Answer 27

Reduced

Question 28

She did not eat anything for three days, and had her RQ measured again on Thursday. What happened to her RQ from Monday to Thursday?

Answer 28

Decreased

Question 29

What fraction of the total calories in a Western diet are from glucose?

Answer 29

0 percent

Question 30

Which dietary carbohydrate’s structure most resembles glycogen?

Answer 30

Amylopectin

Question 31

What carbohydrate complex would cleave at the upper kink (first linking bond) of amylopectin?

Answer 31

Sucrase - Isomaltase complex would cleave here

Question 32

Does high fructose corn syrup cause obesity?

Answer 32

NO