Biochemistry Quiz Slides Flashcards
What accounts of the majority of the chemical energy in your body?
Triacylglycerol – since fat is worth more calories/energy per gram
24 hours after a meal, what will likely occur?
Gluconeogenesis in the liver will be the major source of blood glucose.
In a well nourished individual, as the length of fasting increases from overnight to one week, which one of the following is most likely to occur?
Muscle decreases its use of ketone bodies.
Student decides to lose weight by only eating 300 kcal/day and a vitamin. After three days of this diet, what best represents the student’ metabolism?
Both his adipose mass and his muscle mass decreased.
Protein malnutrition is called:
Kwashiorkor
The protein whose loss causes cystic fibrosis normally functions as a. . .
chloride channel
The oxidized form of cysteine is called…
cystine
The apoproteins ApoB100 and ApoB48 are encoded on the same gene. The different apoproteins are produced through. . .
RNA editing
What is the most calorically dense food?
Fat
What particle functions to promote cholesterol homeostasis?
High density lipoprotein
Which lipoprotein activates an extracellular lipase in capillary beds?
ApoCII
Which particle functions to distribute dietary fat to tissues?
Chylomicron
Which particle functions to distribute fat synthesized from carbohydrates to tissues?
Low density lipoprotein
Very fussy child, erythrodermic scaly rash, copious diarrhea and markedly elevated potassium and low serum albumin in the setting of a severely restricted diet. Diagnosis?
Kwashiorkor
If present in a polymer of glucose, which of the bonds below is not a substrate for human carbohydrate digestive enzymes? A. alpha 1,4 B. alpha 1,6 C. beta 1,4 D. alpha 1,1
C - beta 1,4 (but lactase cuts this!)
A - amylase, glucoamylase
B - Sucrase-Isomaltase Complex
D - Trehalase
Indigestible fiber can be converted to . . . . by bacteria in the lumen of the gut.
Acetate
What component of human breast milk can be converted to short chain fatty acids in the gut of a healthy infant?
Oligosaccharides
What cytokine acts as a ‘brake’ on inflammation?
IL-10
What diet is best for infants?
Breast milk
Which dietary fiber decreases intestinal transit time? A. Glucan B. Lignin C. Pectin D. Psyillium E. Fructan
B. Lignin - Lignin is insoluble, all others are soluble
A 43 year old male is 5’10” tall and weighs 170 pounds and doesn’t exercise. He wants to maintain a healthy weight without changing his level of physical activity. How much do you recommend he eat each day?
About 2159 kcal/day
Which molecule is the least oxidized?
Stearate
How do you calculate BMR?
(O2 inhaled)(24 hours)(Caloric value 1 L O2) = BMR
(CO2 exhaled)(24 hours)(Caloric value 1 L CO2) = BMR
The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is best explained by which one of the following statements?
It is equivalent to the caloric requirements of our major organs and resting muscle.
A male patient presented with a BMI of 33 kg/m^2 and a waist circumference of 47 inches. What dietary therapy would you consider most helpful?
Decreased intake of total calories
At non-protein RQs above 0.85, the primary fuel for respiration is…
Carbohydrates
When a person is burning fat of the majority of his energy, his RQ will be lower than if he were using mostly carbohydrates. This is because fat is more. . .
Reduced
She did not eat anything for three days, and had her RQ measured again on Thursday. What happened to her RQ from Monday to Thursday?
Decreased
What fraction of the total calories in a Western diet are from glucose?
0 percent
Which dietary carbohydrate’s structure most resembles glycogen?
Amylopectin
What carbohydrate complex would cleave at the upper kink (first linking bond) of amylopectin?
Sucrase - Isomaltase complex would cleave here
Does high fructose corn syrup cause obesity?
NO
