Biochemistry-Lipids Flashcards
What are lipids mostly made up of ?
Carbon and Hydrogen
Are lipids water soluble?
No
Can lipids be synthesized from sugars in cells?
Yes
Which organic compound contains the most stored energy?
Lipids
What are two types of fatty acids?
Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty acids
What’s the difference between saturated fat and unsaturated fat?
Saturated fatty acids:
1. More C–H bonds. The Carbon chain is more saturated with Hydrogens. Therefore, more energy and hence more calories.
2. Solid at room temperature
3. Found in animals
Examples are butter and lard.
Unsaturated fatty acids:
1. Less C–H bonds. Has double covantely bonded Carbons. Therefore, the Carbon chain is less saturated with Hydrogens. Less energy and hence less calories.
2. Liquid at room temperature
3. Found in plants
Examples are olive and peanut oil
When the C–H bonds are broken, they release energy.
Name 2 plant oils that are saturated fats.
Palm-kernal and Coconut oil
How are trans fatty acids [Hydrogenated vegetable oils] made?
When H+ has been added to an unsatutured fatty acid.
These are added to imitate saturated fats/animal fats.
Example: H+ are added to corn oil to make margarine
Are fatty acids necessary in our diet?
Yes, only unsaturated fats are essential.
Types of Lipids?
Sat/Trans/Unsat Fatty Acids
Prostaglandins
Mono/Di/Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Steriods
What are prostaglandins?
A type of fat that are released from the membrane of injured cells..
These prostaglandins cause inflammation in the body.
Inflammation is redness, warmth, swelling and pain. Aspirin [anti-inflammatory drug] stop the release of prostaglandins and thus reduces inflammation aka redness, pain, swelling and warmth in the injured area.
What is Glycerol?
A 3 carbon molecule.
How are Monoglycerides, Diglycerides and Triglycerides made?
Mono- Glycerol + 1Fatty Acid
Di- Glycerol + 2Fatty Acid
Tri- Glycerol + 3Fatty Acid
How do fat cells store fats?
Fatty acids are stored in cells as Triglyercides.
When fatty acids are consumed, they attach to Glycerols»Triglycerides
What happens when we burn fats in the body?
Triglyercide is broken down into Glycerol and 3 Fatty Acids.
This is then used for energy.
What are phospholipids?
Fats that make-up cell membranes.
How are phospholipids created?
Glycerol [3 carbon molecule] + 2 Fatty Acids [hydrophobic] + PO4 [phosphate»hydrophilic]
What is the difference between a triglyceride and a Phospholipid?
A phospholipid has a phosphate group on its 3rd carbon, while a triglyceride has a fatty acid on its 3rd carbon.
What are emulsifiers?
Substances that allows fats to dissolve in water.
Example: Soap
NaOH [lye] + Fats»_space; Na-Fat + H2O
Example: Oil is on the hand. The fats of the soap attracts the oil [fat] and the Na [hydrophilic] grabs onto the running water and allows the hands to be cleansed.
What does Dietary Fiber include?
Cellulose
A indigestible polysccharide of plants. Found in their cell wall.
What is Bile?
A substance acts like a ‘green soap’ that acts to emulsify [dissolve] fats in the fluid environment of the small intestine.
Because the body is 60% H20-bile emulsifies oils and butters we consume.
Bile produced in our liver. Then stored in our gall bladder»_space; carried in a bile duct to the small intestine [duodenum] and that allows the fats in our intestine to dissolve in H2O.
What is Bile?
A substance acts like a ‘green soap’ that acts to emulsify [dissolve] fats in the fluid environment of the small intestine.
Because the body is 60% H20-bile emulsifies oils and butters we consume.
Bile produced in our liver. Then stored in our gall bladder [a green sac [holds green bile]]» carried in a bile duct to the small intestine [duodenum] and that allows the fats in our intestine to dissolve in H2O.
What are steriod hormones made up of?
Cholesterol
What are hormones?
Chemicals released into in the bloodstream that casue changes in the body’s activities.
