Biochemistry-Carbohydrates Flashcards
Name the 4 major biologically important organic compounds?
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids [Fats]
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
What are carbohydrates?
Sugars
What atoms make up carbohydrates?
- Carbon
- Oxygen
- Hydrogen
Its a hydrocarbon compound with oxygen.
What are the subgroups of carbohydrates?
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
- Polysaccharides
What are monosaccharides?
Simple sugars
What are examples of 1-5 carbon Monosaccharides?
- Ribose
- Deoxyribose
Found in DNA & RNA
What are examples of 1-5 carbon Monosaccharides?
- Ribose
- Deoxyribose
Found in DNA & RNA
What are chemical isomers?
Chemicals with the same molecular formula, but different arrangement of atoms.
What are examples of 6 carbon Monosaccharides?
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Galactose
Used for energy by living things.
They are ‘chemical isomers’. Formula. C6H12O6
What are the suffix for carbohydrates?
ose
What are 2 functions of monosaccharides?
- Use as a principal energy source by living things.
- They are the basic molecules from which other types are synthesized.
How are disaccharides formed?
They are formed by linking 2 monosaccharides together.
Dehydration synthesis & Hydrolysis reaction
Genereally, a new organic molecules is formed by removing a H+ from one monosaccharide and OH- from the other monosaccharide–hence [ 💦] is being removed to join the sugar. This is known as Dehydration synthesis.
Fructose + Glucose»_space;Dehydration synthesis» Sucrose + H2O
Our digestion system adds 💦 to the Sucrose/cane sugar to break apart it into the 2 monosaccharides. This is a Hydrolysis reaction.
What are 3 examples of disaccharides?
- Sucrose [Table/Cane sugar]
- Lactose [Milk sugar]
- Maltose [‘Grain Sugar’]
How are each made?
- Glucose + Fructose
- Glucose + Galactose
- Glucose + Glucose
Can our bodies absorbed disaccharides?
No, it breaks up the disaccharides into monosaccharides.
What are polysaccharides?
Polymers of glucose that form long tins or coils.
