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CLASP: Alcohol > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

how can alcohol toxicity to the muscles be measured?

A

CK

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2
Q

how can acute pancreatitis be detected?

A

measuring amylase levels

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3
Q

four tests to assess whether the patient is a chronic drinker

A

LFTs
P450
MCV
triglycerides

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4
Q

two tests if a chronic drinker presents in a coma

A
  1. hypoglycaemia

2. serum osmolarity

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5
Q

how to calculate serum osmolarity

A

2 x [Na]

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6
Q

average range for serum osmolarity

A

275-295mmol/kg

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7
Q

define an osmolal gap

A

difference between the measured and expected serum osmolarity

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8
Q

reasons for an osmolal gap when not other usual solutes?

A

alcohol - methanol poisoning

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9
Q

differential diagnosis for a chronic drinker presenting with abdominal pain

A

acute pancreatitis
alcoholic hepatitis
peptic ulcer
ascites +/- peritonitis

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10
Q

where is AST found

A

liver
muscle
red cells

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11
Q

how is ALT produced

A

produced by hepatocytes in damage

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12
Q

where is ALP found

A 
liver
bone
small intestine
kidney
placenta
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13
Q

describe albumin

A

synthesised in the liver with long half-life

levels fall in systemic inflammation (capillary permeability)

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14
Q

where is GGT located

A 
liver
kidney
pancreas
prostate
cell membrane of bile ducts
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15
Q

describe PTR

A

made in liver with shorter half-life 3-4 days so indicator of current liver function

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16
Q

differential diagnosis for a known alcoholic patient presenting with vomiting

A

acute gastritis
oesophageal stricture (chronic consumption- fibrosis of varices)
- pyloric stenosis

17
Q

what to investigate when a known drinker presents with vomiting?

A

U&E
ABGs
LFTs
amylase

18
Q

when is there a risk of metabolic alkalosis in vomiting

A

when the patient has pyloric stenosis because acid is lost from the stomach, but the normal alkali loss from the duodenum does not happen

19
Q

differential diagnosis for a chronic drinker presenting with haematemesis

A

acute gastritis
mallory-weiss tear
peptic ulcer perforation
oesophageal variceal burst

20
Q

investigations for a known alcoholic presenting with haematemesis

A

U&E
LFT
PTR
lactate (oxygen levels)

CLASP: Alcohol (7 decks)

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