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Biochemistry Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cytoplasm

A

jelly like substance where organelles float

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2
Q

Microfilament

A

provides support for cell

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3
Q

Microtubules

A

Part of cytoskeleton that aids in movement of things through cytoplasm

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4
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

internal framework of cell composed of microfilaments and microtubules

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

Control centre that contains chromatin and DNA

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6
Q

Nucleolus

A

Center of nucleus that produces ribosomes

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7
Q

Nuclear Membrane

A

2 layered membrane with pores where substances enter and leave

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8
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

fluid where nucleolus and chromosomes float

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9
Q

Centriole

A

2 cylinders of tubules that assist in reproduction

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10
Q

Vacuole

A

stores materials like food, water, sugars, and waste

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11
Q

Mitochondria

A

releases energy from digested food, site of fat and sugar digestion

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12
Q

Microvili

A

increase surface area, helping absorb nutrients

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13
Q

Lysosome

A

produces enzymes that aid in digestion and excretion of worn out organells

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14
Q

Ribosome

A

Small structures that functions in protein assembly

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15
Q

Secretory Vesicle

A

Sac that contains various substances produced by the cell and secreted at the membrane

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16
Q

Golgi complex

A

proccesses and packages proteins for rough er to release it at the cell membrane

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17
Q

Smooth ER

A

Transports materials through cell, also for calcium storage and fat metabolism

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18
Q

Rough ER

A

folded membranes studded with ribosomes that help transport materials

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19
Q

Peroxisome

A

makes enzymes that oxidize toxic chemicals

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20
Q

Cell Membrane

A

encloses cell, lets things in and out

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21
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A

Provides mechanical support for plasma membrane

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22
Q

Carbohydrates (3)

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose (monosaccharides)

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23
Q

Dissacharide

A

2 monosaccharides coming together

24
Q

Glucose + Glucose

A

Maltose

25
Q

Glucose + Fructose

A

Sucrose

26
Q

Glucose + Galactose

A

Lactose

27
Q

Fatty acids

A

can be saturated, monounsaturated, or polysaturated.

Stored as triglycerides for long term energy

28
Q

Monounsaturated can be further divided into

A

cis or trans

29
Q

Amino Acids contain…

A

an amine and a carboxyl group

30
Q

Lipids are for…

A

Shock absorption
long term energy storage
hormone storage
insulation

31
Q

Types of proteins

A

primary- simple chain
secondary- makes a helix or plated shape
tertirary- makes a clump
quanterary- clumps come together

32
Q

Nucleic acid

A

Complex organic substance that is present in living cells

33
Q

RNA

A

when the sugar is a simple ribose

34
Q

DNA

A

When the sugar is derived from deoxyribose

35
Q

Phosphate backbone

A

Structural component of dna made up of 5 carbon deoxyriboses, and phosphate groups

36
Q

Ribose

A

found in RNA, “normal” sugar

37
Q

Deoxyribose

A

Modified sugar lacking 1 oxygen atom

38
Q

Nitrogenous Base

A

Organic molecule with a nitrogen atom and the chemical properties of a base

39
Q

Purienes

A

Guanine, Adenine

40
Q

Pyrimidines

A

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

41
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water from high concentration to low concentration through a semi permeable membrane

42
Q

Hypotonic

A

Smaller concentration outside the cell, water rushes in, causing cell to expand

43
Q

Hypertonic

A

Greater concentration on inside of cell, water rushes out therefore shrinking the cell

44
Q

Isotonic

A

concentration is the same, water goes in and out, @ equilibrium

45
Q

Phospholipid

A

allows water through cell

46
Q

phospholipid is made up of

A

chlorine, phosphate, glycerol, and 2 fatty acids

water loving head, water fearing tail

47
Q

endocytosis

A

the process in which materials enter the cell

48
Q

integral protein

A

lets things in and out

49
Q

Facilitated diffusion integral protein

A

a path to move things through passive transport

50
Q

allosteric site

A

a place to bind to facilitate active transport

51
Q

Active transport integral protein

A

transports proteins that assist in the movement of substances

52
Q

Cholosterol

A

helps by slightly immobilizing the outer surface of the membrane and makes it less soluble to very small water soluble molecules that would otherwise pass through, without it cell membrane would be too fluid

53
Q

Extrinsic peripheral protein

A

transports molecules or receptors

54
Q

Gllycolipid

A

lipids with a carbohydrate attached by glycosidic bond maintains stability of membrane

55
Q

Glycoprotein

A

Proteins with carbohydrates attached to polypeptide chain, stabilizes structure by forming hydrogen bonds with water

56
Q

intrinsic peripheral protein

A

never crosses membrane, for transportation, anchoring, and cell signaling

57
Q

microfilament

A

provides support to the cell

biology (5 decks)

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