Biochemistry

Question 1

Genetists study biological functions of __________

Answer 1

genes

Question 2

Biochemists study biological functions of __________

Answer 2

proteins

Question 3

Genetics

Answer 3

individual without component

Question 4

Biochemistry

Answer 4

component without individual

Question 5

Geometry of DNA

Answer 5

Antiparallel; double hellix

Question 6

DNA pairs of nitrogenous bases

Answer 6

A - T , C - G

Question 7

RNA pairs of nitrogenous bases

Answer 7

A - U , C - G

Question 8

Four major groups of biomolecules

Answer 8

• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Nucleic acids

Question 9

Proteins

Answer 9

• Enzymatic function
• Sending signals
• Building channels
• Providing cell support
  ex. triosephosphate isomerase

Question 10

The body is mostly composed of these elements:

Answer 10

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Sulfur

Question 11

Electrons in an atom determine

Answer 11

how the atom interacts with others; chemical properties

Question 12

Isotopes

Answer 12

atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 13

Radioactive Isotopes

Answer 13

unstable isotopes, which tend to decay and release radiation

Question 14

Uses of isotopes in biology

Answer 14

Biologists can make a biomolecule have unusual isotope, or to “tag” it and keep track of it in experiments. Chemical properties are conserved, but some physical properties aren’t.

Question 15

Most biological molecules are built of _____ backbones with many _____ atoms attached.

Answer 15

carbon, hydrogen

Question 16

The prevalence of _____ in organisms means that almost all biological molecules exist in solution.

Answer 16

water

Question 17

Determines atomic interactions

Answer 17

electron

Question 18

Determines mass number

Answer 18

neutron

Question 19

Determines atomic number (and is part of mass number)

Answer 19

proton

Question 20

Covalent bonds

Answer 20

electron sharing among atoms

can be single, double, triple

Question 21

Representations of molecules

Answer 21

• two-dimensional drawings
• balls and sticks (3Ds structure)
• space-filling model (show electron clouds of each atom, in covalent bonds these overlap)

Question 22

Bonds (by order of strength)

Answer 22

Covalent bonds >

Question 23

Bonds have little energy ______

Answer 23

fluctuations.

Question 24

Possible number of bonds in CHONPS

Answer 24

C4, H1, O2, N3, P5, S2 (P unusual case; arranges its 5 outer shell electrons in order to get other 5 bonds)

Question 25

polar covalent bond

Answer 25

When one atom pulls more strongly on the shared electrons than the other atom does

these bonds have dipolar momentum, partial charges

Question 26

Higher electronegativity means :

Answer 26

stronger pull of electrons in a bond