Biochemistry Flashcards
A 39-year-old female presents to the clinic for a routine health maintenance exam. The
patient reports she is feeling nervous and anxious all the time with frequent palpitations.
On further questioning, she reports having diarrhea and has been losing weight. She has
also noticed a change in hair and fingernail growth and frequently feels warm while
others are cold or comfortable. She denies any history of depression or anxiety disorder
and is not taking any medications. On examination, her heart rate is 110 beats per
minute. She has a slight tremor and has increased reflexes in all extremities. A nontender thyroid enlargement is appreciated in the thyroid region. Her TSH level is low at
0.1 mIU/mL. The patient is told that she has an autoimmune antibody process. Likely
diagnosis: Hyperthyroidism, likely Graves’ disease
Which one of the following is related to that case?
A- Thyroid hormone is one of group II hydrophilic hormones.
B- Thyroid hormones are derived from tryptophan.
C- Release of thyroid hormones under tight regulation of suprarenal gland
D- Thiourea drugs are not a line of treatment for that patient.
E- Thyroid hormone acts as a transcription factor to mediate its effect
E- Thyroid hormone acts as a transcription factor to mediate its effect
After excessive drinking over an extended period of time while eating poorly, a middleaged man is admitted to the hospital with “high output” heart failure. He was diagnosed
to have beri beri heart disease due to thiamine deficiency. Which of the following is
true?
Which one of the following is true?
A. Vitamin B1 is fat soluble vitamin.
B. Thiamine diphosphate synthetase is important for its action.
C. The production of ribose and NADPH is not affected.
D. Patients who chronically misuse alcohol are not prone to thiamine deficiency.
E. Metabolism of branched-chain amino acids is not affected.
B. Thiamine diphosphate synthetase is important for its action.
A 50-year-old female presents to your clinic with complaints of excessive thirst, fluid
intake, and urination. She denies any urinary tract infection symptoms. She reports no
medical problems but has not seen a doctor in many years. On examination, she is an
obese female in no acute distress. Her physical examination is otherwise normal. The
urinalysis revealed large glucose and a serum random blood sugar level was 320 mg/dL.
She was diagnosed to have type II diabetes. Which one of the following is correct?
A- This condition is due to a severe lack or complete absence of insulin
B- That disease could be characterized by both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia
C- The liver expresses GLUT 4 and glucose uptake is insulin-dependent
D- Fasting blood glucose is a test for monitoring long-term blood glucose control
E- Glucagon increases glucose utilization and decreases endogenous glucose production
B- That disease could be characterized by both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia
A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department after several episodes of
vomiting and lethargy. His pediatrician has been concerned about his failure to thrive
and possible hepatic failure along with recurrent episodes of vomiting and lethargy.
After a careful history is taken, you observe that these episodes occur after ingestion of
certain types of food, especially high in fructose. His blood sugar was checked in the
emergency department and was extremely low. The case was diagnosed fructose
intolerance. Which one of the following is correct?
A- It is an important error of metabolism due to fructokinase deficiency
B- Decreasing sucrose intake is helpful in that case
C- GLUT 4 is the primary transporter of fructose in the intestine by active transport
D- The organ responsible for that metabolic error is the skeletal muscle
E- There is an increase in intracellular ATP and inorganic phosphate (Pi)
B- Decreasing sucrose intake is helpful in that case
